An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

A person who practices astronomy as a profession rather than as a hobby, in contrast to an → amateur astronomer.

→ professional; → astronomer.

1) A teacher of the highest academic rank in a college or university.
2) An instructor in some art or skilled sport, such as a professor of singing.

M.E. from L. professor "one who has taken the vows of a religious order," agent noun from profitieri "declare openly," from → pro- "forth" + fateri "to acknowledge, confess."

Ostâd "professor; master; artisan," from Mid.Pers. ôstât, from Av. *aibi-stāta-, *auui-stāta- literally "standing on," i.e. "appointed; agent; head," from aibi-/auui- "upon, toward, against" (O.Pers. abiy-; cf. Skt. abhi-; Gk. amphi-) + stā- "to stand" (→ opposition).

A graph or drawing that shows the variation of one property (such as intensity), usually as ordinate, with respect to another property (such as wavelength). → line profile.

From It. profilo "a drawing in outline," from profilare "to draw in outline," from → pro- "forth" + filare "draw out, spin," from L.L. filare "to spin, draw out a line," from filum "thread," cognate with Pers. zeh "cord, string," → filament.

Farâpâl, from farâ-, → pro-, + pâl "thread, string," probably cognate with L. filum, as above.

A method of analysis in which the observed stellar image profiles or spectral line profiles are fitted by model profiles in order to study and derive some properties of the object.

→ profile; → fitting; → method.

The originator of a line of descent; a precursor.

M.E., from O.Fr. progeniteur, from L. progenitorem "ancestor," agent noun from progenitus, p.p. of progignere "beget," from → pro- "forth" + gignere "to produce, beget," cognate with Pers. zâdan, as below.

Agent noun from zâdan "to bring forth, give birth" (Mid.Pers. zâtan; Av. zan- "to bear, give birth to a child, be born," infinitive zazāite, zāta- "born;" cf. Skt. janati "begets, bears," janitár "progenitor, father;" Gk. genetor "progenitor;" L. gignere "to beget," nasci "to be born," as above, PIE base *gen- "to give birth, beget").

A galaxy which is supposed to be at the origin of a specific event, for example a hypothetical galaxy in which globular clusters might have formed.

→ progenitor; → galaxy.

A star which is supposed to be at the origin of phenomenon, for example a progenitor neutron star which has given rise to a black hole.

→ progenitor; → star.

A rotational or orbital movement that is the same as most bodies within a celestial system. In the solar system, the apparent eastward motion of a celestial body on the celestial sphere. Opposed to → retrograde motion. Same as → direct motion.

From → pro- "forward" + grade, from L. gradi "to go, step, walk;" → motion.

Jonbeš, → motion; farârow, from farâ- "forward," → pro-, + row present stem of raftan "to go, walk;" Mid.Pers. raftan, raw-, Proto-Iranian *rab/f- "to go; to attack."

Same as →prograde motion.

→ prograde motion; → orbit.

A plan or schedule of activities, procedures, etc., to be followed.
Computers: A precise sequence of instructions in a programming language that tells a computer to perform a task.

From L.L. programma "proclamation, edict," from Gk. programma "a written public notice," from the stem of prographein "to write publicly," from → pro- "forth" + graphein "to write."

Barnâmé, originally "model, examplar; acount-book," from bar- "on; up; upon; in; into; at; forth; with; near; before; according to" (Mid.Pers. abar; O.Pers. upariy "above; over, upon, according to;" Av. upairi "above, over," upairi.zəma- "located above the earth;" cf. Gk. hyper- "over, above;" L. super-; O.H.G. ubir "over;" PIE base *uper "over") + nâmé "letter; book" (Mid.Pers. nâmak "inscription; letter; book," related to nâm "name;" Mid.Pers. nâm; O.Pers./Av. nâman-; cf. Skt. nama-; Gk. onoma, onuma; L. nomen; PIE *nomen-).

Stars for the observation of which telescope time has been awarded.

→ program; → star.

A computer expert who carries out → programming.

Agent noun of the verb → program.

The process of writing, testing, debugging/troubleshooting, and maintaining the source code of computer programs.

Verbal noun of → program.

Barnâme-sâzi, from barnâmé, → program, + sâzi verbal noun of sâxtan, sâzidan "to build, make, fashion; to adapt, adjust, be fit" (from Mid.Pers. sâxtan, sâz-, Manichean Parthian s'c'dn "to prepare, to form;" Av. sak- "to understand, to mark," sācaya- (causative) "to teach").

Math.: A succession of numbers or quantities in which there is a constant relation between each member and the one succeeding it. See also → arithmetic progression, → geometric progression, → harmonic progression.

From O.Fr. progression, from L. progressionem "a going forward," from progressus, p.p. of progredi "go forward," from → pro- "forward" + gradi "to step, walk," from gradus "step."

Farâyâzi, from farâ-, → pro-, + yâzi, verbal noun of yâzidan "to stretch out the arms; grow up;" Parthian Mid.Pers. y'd "to reach a goal, come to, stretch out;" Av. yat- to reach, take one's place," yaiiata "places,' frā-iiatāt "has reached;" cf. Skt. yat- "to be in place, put in place, line up;" PIE base *iet- "to be in place."

1) (n.) A specific task or planned program of investigation, especially in scholarship.
2a) (v.) To propose, contemplate, or plan.
2b) To throw or cause to fall upon a surface or into space, as a ray of light or a shadow.
2c) To cause (a figure or image) to appear, as on a background.
2d) Geometry: To transform the points of one figure into those of another by a correspondence between points.

1) From L. projectum "something thrown forth," noun use of neuter of projectus, p.p. of projicere "to stretch out, throw forth," from → pro- "forward" + combining form of jacere (p.p. jactus) "to throw."
2) From L. projectus, as above.

Farâšândan, from farâ- "forward," → pro- + šândan, from ešândan "to eject," from Hamadâni ešândan "to throw out," Laki owštan "to throw, to shoot (with bow and arrow);" Lori šane "throwing," šane kerde "to throw;" Av. ah- "to throw," present ahya- "throws," asta- "thrown, shot," astar- "thrower, shooter;" cf. Khotanese ah- "to throw, shoot," Skt. as- "to throw, shoot," ásyati "throws," ásana- "throw, shot," asanā- "missile."

A person who directs a project.

→ project; → director.

A person who is responsible for directing and controlling the work and staff of a project.

→ project; → manager.

The → angular velocity of a star deduced from the → rotational broadening of its → spectral lines. It is expressed as v sini, where i is the → inclination of the rotational axis with respect to the normal to the → plane of the sky. The real equatorial rotational velocity can be determined only if the inclination of the rotational axis is known.

Projected, p.p. of → project; → rotational; → velocity.

A body projected or impelled forward, as through the air.

From Mod.L. projectilis, from L. projectus, p.p. of proicere; → project.

Partâbé, from partâb "a throw, an arrow that flies far," partâbidan "to throw," from Proto-Iranian *para-tau-, from *para- "forward," → pro- + *tau- "to throw, spread, sow;" cf. Tabari tâb "throwing," tâb dəən "to throw;" Chorasmian mftw- "to perish, be destroyed, disturbed;" Ossetic aeftawyn "to throw on; to increase; to pull out."

1) The act, process, or result of projecting.
2) The act of reproducing on a surface, by optical means, a remote image on a film, slide, etc.

Verbal noun of → project.