An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : far
thermal hopping
  کپ ِ گرمایی   
kop-e garmâyi

Fr.: saut thermique   

A mechanism for the → transport of → electrons which occurs when the → Fermi level lies below a low but wide energy → barrier. The → tunneling probability across the barrier is considerably suppressed due to the width of the barrier. However, at higher temperatures, the electron can raise its energy with the assistance of a vibrational mode. The electron is said to hop from one side of the barrier to the other side via an intermediate state.

thermal; → hop; → -ing.

thermal inertia
  لختی ِ گرمایی   
laxti-ye garmâyi

Fr.: inertie thermale   

The tendency of a body to resist a change in temperature. A body with a low thermal inertia requires very few calories to change its surface temperature. A low thermal inertia material tends to be thermally insulating, so that the surface temperature changes readily, but those changes are not conducted to depth within the material (Ellis et al., 2007, Planetary Ring Systems, Springer).

thermal; → inertia.

thermal Jeans mass
  جرم ِ جینز ِ گرمایی   
jerme-e Jeans-e garmâyi

Fr.: masse de Jeans thermique   

The → Jeans mass when → turbulence is insignificant.

thermal; → Jeans; → mass.

thermal motion
  جنبش ِ گرمایی   
jonbeš-e garmâyi

Fr.: mouvement thermique   

The random motions and collisions of molecules, atoms, electrons, or other subatomic particles constituting an object at all temperatures above → absolute zero. The thermal motion of particles rises with the temperature of those particles and is governed by the laws of → thermodynamics. The most convincing experimental proof of thermal motion → Brownian motion.

thermal; → motion.

thermal neutron
  نوترون ِ گرمایی   
notron-e garmâ-yi (#)

Fr.: neutron thermique   

A neutron of very slow speed and consequently of low energy. The energy of thermal neutrons is of the same order as the → thermal energy of the atoms and molecules of the substance through which they are passing.

thermal; → neutron.

thermal noise
  نوفه‌ی ِ گرمایی   
nufe-ye garmâyi (#)

Fr.: bruit thermique   

Electric noise signals that are produced by the random thermal motion of charges in circuit.

thermal; → noise.

thermal pressure
  فشار ِ گرمایی   
fešâr-e garmâyi (#)

Fr.: pression thermale   

The ordinary pressure in a gas that is due to motions of particles and can be attributed to the object's → temperature.

thermal; → pressure.

thermal pulse
  تپه‌ی ِ گرمایی، تپش ِ ~   
tape-ye garmâyi, tapeš-e ~

Fr.: pulsation thermique   

Repeated instabilities of the He burning shell which ignites in sudden burst during the final phases of the → AGB evolution.

thermal; → pulse.

thermal radiation
  تابش ِ گرمایی   
tâbeš-e garmâyi (#)

Fr.: rayonnement thermique   

The energy radiated from an object in the form of → electromagnetic waves as a result of its → temperature. Thermal radiation ranges in → wavelength from the longest → infrared radiation through the → visible light spectrum to the shortest → ultraviolet rays. In opposition, → non-thermal radiation is caused by energetic particles.

thermal; → radiation.

thermal shock
  تش ِ گرمایی، شوک ِ ~   
toš-e garmâyi, šok-e ~

Fr.: choc thermique   

Stresses induced in a material because of rapid temperature change or a → thermal gradient .

thermal; → shock.

thermal spike
  سیخک ِ گرمایی   
sixak-e garmâyi

Fr.: pointe thermale   

A → transient → rise in → temperature above the normal level in a medium.

thermal; → spike.

thermal support
  پادیر ِ گرمایی   
pâdir-e garmâyi

Fr.: support thermique   

In star formation models, the gas pressure that counters the collapsing pull of gravity.

thermal; → support.

thermalization
  یکگرمایی   
yekgarmâyi

Fr.: thermalisation   

1) The process by which a system reaches → thermal equilibrium. Thermalization results from energy exchange between the components constituting the system and their exchange with the outside medium. In a gas at a given temperature, molecules move with different velocities. The gas temperature corresponds to the mean velocity of the molecules, but individual molecules may deviate largely from the mean velocity. Some move very fast others slowly and change velocity upon collisions. Collisions reduce the energy of fast moving molecules and increase that of slow ones. In the process of thermalization → matter and → radiation are in constant interaction such that their → temperatures become identical. The process goes on until energy distribution reaches → equilibrium. The system is said to be → thermalized.
2) The condition where in an → atomic or → molecular → transition the → Boltzmann factor for the two → levels of transition takes on the value it would have in → thermodynamic equilibrium.

Verbal noun of → thermalize.

thermalize
  یکگرماییدن   
yekgarmâyidan

Fr.: thermaliser   

To bring neutrons into → thermal equilibrium with their surroundings; to produce → thermal neutrons.

From → thermal + → -ize.

Yekgarmâyidan, literally "equal warming," from yek-, → one, + garmâyidan, infinitive from garmâ, → thermo-.

thermalized line
  خط ِ یکگرماییده   
xatt-e yekgarmâyidé

Fr.: raie thermalisée   

A collisionally excited spectral line formed in high density condition well above the → critical density. At such densities the → excitation temperature is at (or very near) the → kinetic temperature of the gas. At low densities, below the critical density, the excitation temperature will be only slightly above the radiation temperature and the emission line will be practically invisible.

Thermalized, p.p. of → thermalize; → line.

thermion
  گرمایون   
garmâyon

Fr.: thermion   

An electron that has been emitted from a heated body such as the hot cathode of an electron tube.

From therm- variant of → thermo- before a vowel + → ion.

thermionic emission
  گسیل ِ گرمایونی   
gosil-e garmâyoni

Fr.: émission thermionique   

Electrons gaining enough thermal energy to escape spontaneously from the cathode or dynodes and mimic photoelectrons.

thermion; → emission.

thermo-
  گرما-   
garmâ- (#)

Fr.: thermo-   

A combining form meaning "heat, hot," used in the formation of compound words. Also therm- before a vowel.

From Gk. therme "heat," thermos "hot;" cf. L. fornax "oven, kiln," related to fornus, furnus "oven," and to formus "warm;" cognate with Pers. garm "warm," as below; P.Gmc. *warmaz (O.E. wearm; E. warm; O.H.G., Ger. warm).

Garmâ "heat, warmth," from Mid.Pers. garmâg; O.Pers./Av. garəma- "hot, warm;" cf. Skt. gharmah "heat;" cognate with Gk. therme, thermos, as above; PIE *ghworm-/*ghwerm- "warm."

thermocline
  دماشیب   
damâšib (#)

Fr.: thermocline   

A layer in a large body of water, such as a lake, in which temperature changes more rapidly with depth than it does in the layers above or below.

thermo- + → -cline.

thermocouple
  دماجفت   
damâjoft (#)

Fr.: thermocouple   

Electrical circuit consisting of two dissimilar metals, in which an electromotive force is produced when the two junctions are at different temperatures.

thermo- + → couple.


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