An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : far
ultraviolet star
  ستاره‌ی ِ فرابنفش، ~ ِ اولتر-بنفش   
setâre-ye farâbanafš, ~ ultar-banafš

Fr.: étoile ultraviolette   

A star, such as O types or hot central stars of planetary nebulae, which radiates essentially in the ultraviolet part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

ultraviolet; → star.

umbra
  سایه   
sâyé (#)

Fr.:ombre   

1) Optics: A dark area, especially the blackest part of a shadow from which all light is cut off. → penumbra.
2) Sun: The central darkest part of a → sunspot, which is also the coolest part (~ 4,200 K).

From L. umbra "shade, shadow."

Sâyé "shadow," from Mid.Pers. sâyak "shadow;" Av. a-saya- "throwing no shadow;" Skt. chāya- "shadow;" Gk. skia "shade;" Rus. sijat' "to shine;" M.H.G. schinen, O.H.G. skinan, Ger. Schein "glow, shine;" PIE base *skai- "bright."

Umbriel
  اومبریل   
Umbriel (#)

Fr.: Umbriel   

The thirteenth of Uranus's known satellites and the third largest. It has a diameter of 1170 km and orbits Uranus every 4.144 days at a mean distance of about 265,980 km. Umbriel is very dark, with an albedo of 0.18. It has a heavily cratered surface. Umbriel was discovered by William Lassell (1799-1880) in 1851.

Umbriel named for an evil spirit in Alexander Pope's (1688-1744) poem The Rape of the Lock. Moreover, Umbriel derives from L. → umbra "shadow," which fits the satellite's appearance.

un-
  نا-   
nâ- (#)

Fr.: in-, non-   

A prefix meaning "not."

M.E., O.E. un- (cf. O.Fris., O.H.G., Ger. un-, Goth. un-, Du. on-), cognate with Pers. nâ-, as below.

Nâ- "not," variants na "no, not," ma- "not" (prohitive); Mid.Pers. nê, ma "no, not;" O.Pers. naiy, nai "not;" Av. nôit, naē "not;" cf. Skt. "not;" L. ne-, in-, un-; Gk. ni; Lith. ; O.C.S. ne "not;" E. un-, as above; PIE *ne-.

unaided eye
  چشم ِ بی‌یاور، ~ ِ برهنه   
cašm-e biyâvar, ~ berehné

Fr.: œil nu   

The eye unassisted by an optical instrument, except for eyeglasses. Same as → naked eye.

un- + aided, from aid, M.E. ayde, from O.Fr. aidier, from L. adjutare, frequentative of adjuvare "to give help to," from → ad- "to" + juvare "to help;" → eye.

Cašm, → eye; biyâvar "without help," from bi- "without" + yâvar, variant yâr "helper; companion" (Mid.Pers. hayyâr "helper," hayyârêh "help, aid, assistance," Proto-Iranian *adyāva-bara-, cf. Av. aidū- "helpful, useful"); berehné, → naked.

unavoidable
  ناتسنیدنی   
nâtosnidani

Fr.: inévitable   

Impossible to avoid.

avoid; → -ance.

unbiased
  بی‌وَرَک   
bi-varak

Fr.: non biaisé   

Not biased or prejudiced.
Statistics: With an expected value that is equal to the parameter being estimated.

un- + → biased.

Bi- "without" + varak, → bias.

unbiased estimator
  بر‌آور ِ بی‌وَرَک   
barâvar-e bi-varak

Fr.: estimateur non biaisé   

A sample statistics when the mean of the sampling distribution of that statistic can be shown to be equal to the parameter being estimated.

unbiased; → estimator.

unbiased sample
  نمونان ِ بی‌وَرَک   
nemunân-e a bi-varak

Fr.: échantillon non biaisé   

A sample in which every individual element in the population has an equal chance of being selected.

unbiased; → sample.

unblanketed model
  مدل ِ ناپتومند   
model-e nâpatumand

Fr.: modèle non blanketé   

A stellar atmosphere model which ignores metals and their physical effects. → line-blanketed model; → line blanketing.

un-; → blanketed model.

unbound
  نابندیده   
nâbandidé

Fr.: non lié   

1) Not bound or tied up.
2) Not held by a → chemical bond, → gravity, or other physical force (OxfordDictionaries.com).
See: → unbound charge, → unbound cluster, → unbound system.

un-; → bound.

unbound charge
  بار ِ نابندیده   
bâr-e nâbandidé

Fr.: charge non liée   

Same as → free charge.

unbound; → charge.

unbound cluster
  خوشه‌ی ِ نابندیده   
xuše-ye nâbandidé

Fr.: amas non lié   

A cluster of objects, such as stars or galaxies, in which the members are not tied together gravitationally. In such a cluster the members scatter through space following different directions. → bound cluster.

unbound; → cluster.

unbound system
  راژمان ِ نابندیده   
râžân-e nâbandidé

Fr.: système non lié   

An association of bodies which are not gravitationally tied together.

unbound; → system.

unbound young stellar system (UYSS)
  راژمان ِ ستاره‌ای ِ جوان ِ نابندیده   
râžmân-e setâre-yi-ye javân-e nâbandidé

Fr.: système stellaire jeune non lié   

A class of gravitationally loose stellar conglomerate with a notable apparent shape making it different from typical → bound  → star clusters. The UYSS class includes a large range of objects, which extend at various size scales and at various degrees of self-binding; from small (semi-)compact → unbound systems named → stellar associations, to huge extended superstructures of → massive stars that make up whole parts of Galactic → spiral arms, known as → stellar complexes (Gouliermis, D. A., 2018, PASP 130:072001; arXiv:1806.11541).

unbound; → young; → stellar; → system.

unbounded function
  کریای ِ بیکران   
karyâ-ye bikarân

Fr.: fonction non bornée   

The function y = f(x) in a given range of the argument x if there is no number M such that for all values of x in the range under consideration the inequality | f(x) | ≤ M will be fulfilled. → bounded function.

unbound; → function.

uncertainty
  ناتاشتیگی   
nâtâšigi (#)

Fr.: incertitude   

The state of being uncertain; unpredictability; indeterminacy. → uncertainty principle.

un- + → certainty.

uncertainty principle
  پَروَز ِ ناتاشتیگی   
parvaz-e nâtâštigi

Fr.: principe d'incertitude   

A quantum mechanical principle due to Werner Heisenberg which states that the position and momentum of a particle cannot be determined simultaneously with any arbitrary accuracy. These quantities can be determined only with accuracies limited by the relation Δx.Δp ≥ (1/2)ħ, where Δx is the error in the determination of the position and Δp is the error in the momentum. A similar relation holds for the energy of a particle and the time, ΔE.Δt ≥ (1/2)ħ. Same as → Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

uncertainty; → principle.

unclassified B[e] star (unclB[e])
  ستاره‌یِ B[e]ی ِ بی‌رده   
setâre-ye B[e]-ye bi radé

Fr.: étoile B[e] non-classée   

A temporary designation for a → B[e] star that cannot be placed in any of the four known classes.

classification; → B[e] star.

unclear
  نارونه   
nâruné

Fr.: non clair   

Difficult to see, hear, understand, or to be sure about.

un-; → clear.


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