An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : far
boulder
  گرداله   
gordâle (#)

Fr.: bloc   

Geology: A → sedimentary particle that is larger than 256 mm in size. Boulders are the largest particles of sediment that occur in streams and can reach the size of a small house (geology.com/dictionary).

From late M.E. bulder, possibly from Swedish bullersten "noisy stone" (large stone in a stream, causing water to roar around it), from buller "noisy" + sten "stone."

Gordâle "boulder" (used in various areas of Iran: Šuštar, Kermânšâh, Nahâvand, Ali-Gudarz), from gord "kidney" + similarity/relation suffix -âl, → -al.

bound
  ۱) بندیده؛ ۲) کران   
1) bandidé; 2) karân

Fr.: lié; lien   

1) (adj.) Tied, confined by bonds. → bound cluster, → bound charge, → bound system.
2) (n) a boundary; a limit.

1) p.p. of → bind. 2) → boundary.

bound charge
  بارِ بندیده   
bâr-e bandidé

Fr.: charge liée   

Any electric charge which is bound to an atom or molecule, in contrast to free charge, such as metallic conduction electrons, which is not. Also known as → polarization charge.

bound; → charge.

bound cluster
  خوشه‌ی ِ بندیده   
xuše-ye bandidé

Fr.: amas lié   

A cluster of astronomical objects, such as stars or galaxies, held together by their mutual gravitational attraction. → bound system.

Bound, p.p. of → bind; → cluster.

Xušé, → cluster; bandidé p.p. of bandidan, → bind.

bound occurrence
  رخداد ِ بندیده   
roxdâd-e bandidé

Fr.: occurrence liée   

Any → occurrence of a → variable  x in an x-bound part of a → wff.

bound; → occurrence.

bound orbit
  مدار ِ بندیده   
madâr-e bandidé

Fr.: orbite liée   

The orbit described by an object around a central gravitational force in a system whose total energy is negative. An elliptical orbit.

Bound, p.p. of → bind; → orbit.

Madâr, → orbit; bandidé, p.p. of bandidan, → bind.

bound system
  راژمان ِ بندیده   
râžmân-e bandidé

Fr.: système lié   

A system composed of several material bodies the total energy of which (the sum of kinetic and potential energies) is negative, e.g. a → bound cluster.

Bound, p.p. of → bind; → system.

Aâžmân, → system; bandidé p.p. of bandidan, → bind.

bound-bound transition
  گذرش ِ بندیده-بندیده   
gozareš-e bandidé-bandidé

Fr.: transition liée-liée   

A transition between two energy levels of an electron bound to a nucleus. The electron remains tied to the nucleus before and after the transition. → bound-free transition; → free-free emission.

Bound, p.p. of → bind; → transition.

bound-free transition
  گذرش ِ بندیده-آزاد   
gozareš-e bandidé-âzâd

Fr.: transition liée-libre   

A transition in which a bound electron is liberated. → free-bound emission; → free-free emission.

Bound, p.p. of → bind; → free.

boundary
  کران   
karân (#)

Fr.: limite, bord   

1) General: Something that indicates a border or limit; the border or limit so indicated.
2) Thermodynamics: A conceptual closed surface useful in separating and distinguishing a system from its surroundings.
3) Math.: In topology, the boundary of a subset S of a topological space X is the set of points which can be approached both from S and from the outside of S.
4) Electronics: An area of meeting of P-type and N-type → semiconductor materials where the → donor and → acceptor concentrations are equal.

From Fr., from O.Fr. bodne, from M.L. bodina, butina "boundary, boundary marker."

Karân, karâné, kenâr from Mid.Pers. karânag, Av. karana- "boundary."

boundary conditions
  بوتارها‌ی ِ کران، ~ کرانی   
butârhâ-ye karân, ~ karâni

Fr.: conditions à la limite   

1) Math: Restriction on the limits of applicability of an equation. In a differential equation, conditions that allow to fix the constant of integration and reach a unique solution. The number of boundary conditions necessary to determine a solution matches the order of the equation.
2) Physics: Conditions needed to determine the evolution of a system, given the physical laws.

boundary; → condition.

boundary effect
  اسکر ِ کران   
oskar-e karân

Fr.: effet de bords   

An effect that forbids or invalidate locally the use of an idealized model of a system in which one or several of its dimensions are supposed to be infinite.

boundary; → effect.

boundary layer
  لایه‌ی ِ کرانی   
lâye-ye karâni

Fr.: couche limite   

A layer of fluid that is formed wherever a fluid flows past a solid surface and the effects of → viscosity are important. The boundary level forms because as the fluid moves past the object, the molecules which are in direct contact with the surface stick to the surface. The molecules just above the surface are slowed down in their collisions with the molecules sticking to the surface. These molecules in turn slow down the flow just above them, but less effectively. This creates a thin layer of fluid near the surface in which the velocity changes from zero at the surface to the free stream value away from the surface. The boundary layer may be either → laminar or → turbulent in character, depending on the value of the → Reynolds number. The concept of boundary level was first put forward by Ludwig Prandlt (1875-1953) in 1904.

boundary; → layer.

bounded
  کرانمند، کراندار   
karânmand (#), karândâr (#)

Fr.: limité   

General: Having bounds or limits.
Math.: Of a function, having a range with an upper bound and a lower bound.

Adj. from → bound.

bounded function
  کریای ِ کرانمند، ~ کراندار   
karyâ-ye karânmand, ~ karândâr

Fr.: fonction bornée   

The function y = f(x) in a given range of the argument x if there exists a positive number M such that for all values of x in the range under consideration the inequality | f(x) | ≤ M will be fulfilled. → unbounded function.

bounded; → function.

Boussinesq approximation
  نزدینش ِ بوسینسک   
nazdineš-e Boussinesq

Fr.: approximation de Boussinesq   

A simplification in the equations of → hydrodynamics that treats the density as constant except in the → buoyancy term. This approximation is motivated by the fact that when pressure and temperature differences in a flow are small, then it follows from the thermodynamic → equation of state that a change in the density is also small.

Named after Joseph Valentin Boussinesq (1842-1929), a French physicist who made significant contributions to the theory of hydrodynamics, vibration, light, and heat; → approximation.

bow
  ۱) کمان؛ ۲) فرال   
1) kamân; 2) farâl

Fr.: proue   

1a) A bent, curved, or arched object.
1b) A weapon made of a curved, flexible strip of material and a cord connecting the two ends that is used to launch an arrow. 2) The front of a ship or boat; prow; opposite to stern or poop, → Puppis.

1) M.E., from O.E. boga "archery bow, arch, rainbow" (cf. O.Norse bogi, Du. boog, Ger. Bogen "bow"); PIE root *bheug- "to bend;" cf. Skt. bhujati "bends;" O.H.G. boug, O.E. beag "a ring").
2) M.E. boue, from O.N. bogr or M.Du. boech "bow of a ship."

1) Kamân "bow, arc," from Mid.Pers. kamân, related to xam "curve," cf. Breton kamm "curved, bent," Gk. kampe "a corner, a joint," L. campus "a field," Lith. kampus "corner," PIE *kamb- "to bend, crook." Farâl, from farâ "forward" (farâ raftan "to go forward, proceed," farâ rândan "to drive forward"), equivalent to → pro-, + relation suffix -âl, → -al. Compare farâl with prow "bow," Fr. la proue "prow, bow," from dialectal It. proa, prua, from L. prora "bow," from Gk. proira, related to pro "before, forward."

bow shock
  فرال-تش، فرال-شوک   
farâl-toš farâl-šok

Fr.: choc de proue   

A → shock wave created in front of an object moving through a medium with a velocity higher than that of the → sound waves in that medium. See, for example, → magnetosphere.

bow; → shock.

bow wave
  فرال-موج، موج ِ فرال   
farâl-mowj, mowj-e farâl

Fr.: onde de proue   

The wave which appears in front of a speeding boat and goes out behind it in a distinctive "V". It is due to the fact that waves pile up on each other before they can move away.

bow; → wave.

Bowen fluorescence mechanism
  ساز-و-کار ِ فلوءورستی ِ باؤن   
sâzokâr-e fluoresti-ye Bowen

Fr.: mécanisme de fluorescence de Bowen   

A mechanism, made possible by certain chance coincidences between → spectral lines of He II, O III and N III in some → planetary nebulae , that explains the presence with a high intensity of a selected group of O III and N III lines while all other lines of these elements are missing.

After I. S. Bowen who first discovered this mechanism in 1935; → fluorescence; → mechanism.


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