An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : far
mean equinox
  هموگان ِ میانگین   
hamugân-e miyângin

Fr.: équinoxe moyen   

A fictitious equinox whose position is that of the vernal equinox at a particular epoch with the effect of nutation removed.

mean; → equinox.

mean free path
  پویش ِ آزاد ِ میانگین   
puyeš-e âzâd-e miyângin (#)

Fr.: libre parcours moyen   

The mean distance which a particle moves between two successive collisions with other particles of the medium. Mean free path is inversely proportional to the number of particles per cm3 (n), and the collision → cross section (σ). In the case of a gas with molecules having a diameter of d, the cross section is equal to the area of a circle of radius d, i.e. σ = πd2, and the mean free path is given by: l = 1/(nσ). Taking into account the relative velocity distribution of the colliding molecules, l = 1/(√2 . nσ). For a gas at one atmosphere pressure and room temperature, the average distance between molecules is roughly 3.5 × 10-7 cm, that is some 35 times the diameter of a molecule. Taking the gas density n = 2.4 × 1014 molecules cm-3, and a typical diameter d = 2 × 10-8 cm for a molecule, the mean free path is 3.3 × 10-5 cm. This means that the average distance between collisions is about 95 times the average distance between molecules.

mean; → free; → path.

Puyeš, verbal noun of puyidan "to run, trot; wander," from Mid.Pers. pôy-, pwd- "to run;" cf. Gk. speudein "to hasten;" Lith. spudinti; âzâd, → free; miyângin, → mean.

mean life
  زیست ِ میانگین   
zist-e miyângin

Fr.: vie moyenne   

The average amount of time an unstable radioisotope exists before it decays, It is equal to 1.44 times the half-life.

mean; → life.

mean molecular weight
  وزن ِ مولکولی ِ میانگین   
vazn-e molekuli-ye miyângin (#)

Fr.: poids moléculaire moyen   

The total atomic or molecular weight divided by the total number of particles. For instance, the mean molecular weight of a plasma of pure ionized 4He would be 4 (the atomic mass number) divided by 3, the total number of particles (1 nucleus plus 2 electrons), i.e. 4/3.

mean; → molecular; → weight.

mean moon
  ماه ِ میانگین   
mâh-e miyângin (#)

Fr.: lune moyenne   

A fictitious Moon that has the same average motion as the true Moon but that is not subject to any gravitational perturbations by other bodies.

mean; → moon.

mean motion
  جنبش ِ میانگین   
jonbeš-e miyângin (#)

Fr.: mouvement moyen   

The average angular velocity of a satellite in an elliptical orbit.

mean; → motion.

mean parallax
  دیدگشت ِ میانگین   
didgašt-e miyângin

Fr.: parallaxe moyenne   

The parallax, derived by means of statistical studies of brightness and motions, for a large group of stars whose individual parallaxes cannot be measured.

mean; → parallax.

mean place
  جای ِ میانگین   
jâ-ye miyângin

Fr.: position moyenne   

An object's celestial position as determined for a given mean equator and equinox. → mean position.

mean; → place.

mean pole
  قطب ِ میانگین   
qotb-e miyângin

Fr.: pôle moyen   

The direction of the Earth's axis at a particular epoch if the nutation is ignored.

mean; → pole.

mean position
  نهش ِ میانگین   
neheš-e miyângin

Fr.: position moyenne   

Same as → mean place.

mean; → position.

mean profile
  فراپال ِ میانگین   
farâpâl-e miyângin

Fr.: profil moyen   

The shape of a pulsar's pulse as determined by averaging several pulses.

mean; → profile.

mean sidereal day
  روز ِ اختری ِ میانگین   
ruz-e axtari-ye miyângin

Fr.: jour sidéral moyen   

The average time interval between two successive → upper transits of the → mean equinox.

mean; → sidereal; → day.

mean sidereal time
  زمان ِ اختری ِ میانگین   
zamân-e axtari-ye miyângin (#)

Fr.: temps sidéral moyen   

The hour angle of the mean equinox for a given observer.

mean; → sidereal; → time.

mean solar day
  روز ِ خورشیدی ِ میانگین   
ruz-e xoršidi-ye miyângin (#)

Fr.: jour solaire moyen   

The average length of the apparent solar day. In other words, the interval between successive transits of the mean Sun for a given observer.

mean; → solar; → day.

mean solar time
  زمان ِ خورشیدی ِ میانگین   
zamân-e xoršidi-ye miyângin (#)

Fr.: temps solaire moyen   

The time since the mean Sun crossed the meridian with 12 hours added to make the day begin at midnight.

mean; → solar; → time.

mean spectrum
  بیناب ِ میانگین   
binâb-e miyângin

Fr.: spectre moyen   

A plot of the mass-to-charge ratio of elementary particles, sorted by their isotopic mass.

mean; → spectrum.

mean Sun
  خورشید ِ میانگین   
xoršid-e miyângin (#)

Fr.: Soleil moyen   

A hypothetical Sun that moves along the ecliptic at a uniform rate equal to the average motion of the real Sun.

mean; → sun.

mean term
  ترم ِ میانی   
tarm-e miyâni

Fr.: terme moyen   

In → syllogism, the term which is common to both → premises and is excluded from the → conclusion.

mean; → term.

mean value theorem
  فربین ِ ارزش ِ میانگین   
farbin-e arzeš-e miyângin

Fr.: théorème des accroissements finis   

1) If f(x) is a continuous function on the interval from a to b, then:
f(x) dx = f(c)(b - a) (summed from a to b) for at least one point in that interval.
2) More generally, If f(x) and g(x) are continuous functions on the interval from a to b and g(x)≥ 0, then:
f(x)g(x) dx = f(c) ∫ g(x) dx (both integrals summed from a to b).

mean; → value; → theorem.

meaning
  چمار   
cemâr (#)

Fr.: sens, signification   

The sense or significance of a word, sentence, symbol, etc. The study dealing with meanings is called → semantics. See also → semiotics.

M.E., from mean; O.E. mænan "to mean, intend, signify" (cf. O.Fris. mena "to signify," O.S. menian "to intend, signify," M.Du. menen, Du. meenen, Ger. meinen "think, suppose"), related to Pers. maneš "disposition, temperament," mênidan "to think, consider," → idea; + → -ing.

Cemâr, from cem or cim "meaning, signification;" Mid.Pers. cim "meaning, reason, cause;" ultimately from Proto-Ir. *cahmāt "wherefore?" cf. Skt. kasmāt "why, where from? whence?," kim "what? how? why?" + âr short form of âvar present stem of âvardan "to cause or produce; to bring," → production, as in bonâr, → cause, used also as a nuance suffix; see also the verb → mean.


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