An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : far
Gibbs function
  کریای ِ گیبس   
karyâ-ye Gibbs

Fr.: fonction de Gibbs   

Same as → Gibbs free energy.

Named after Josiah Willard Gibbs (1839-1903), an American physicist who played an important part in the foundation of analytical thermodynamics; → function.

giga- (G)
  گیگا-   
gigâ- (#)

Fr.: giga-   

A prefix that is used to represent 109 in the SI system.

From Gk. gigas, → giant.

gigahertz (GHz)
  گیگاهرتز   
gigâhertz (#)

Fr.: gigahertz   

A unit of → frequency, equal to 106 Hz.

giga-; → hertz.

gimbal(s)
  دوقاب   
doqâb (#)

Fr.: monture à la Cardan, cardan   

1) A support component of a gyroscope, which allows the axis to move freely.
2) A mechanical mounting frame having two mutually perpendicular axes of rotation.

Gimbal, alteration of gemel "twin," from M.E., gemelles, from O.Fr. gemeles (Fr. jumeau, jumelle), from L. gemellus, diminutive of geminus "twin;" cf. Pers. Kermâni dialect jomoli "twin;" → Gemini.

Doqâb, from do "two" (Mid.Pers. do; Av. dva-; cf. Skt. dvi-; Gk. duo; L. duo; O.E. twa; Ger. zwei) + qâb "frame," from Turkish.

Gl 229B
     
Gl 229B

Fr.: Gl 229B   

The prototype of → T dwarfs discovered by Nakajima et al. (1995, Nature 378, 463). This → brown dwarf lies 21.8 → light-years away and orbits a primary star of type M1 V every about 40 years. It has a temperature of less than 1,200 K, and a mass approximately 20-50 times that of Jupiter. Its luminosity is about 2 x 10 -6 that of the Sun.

Gl, referring to the → Gliese catalogue.

glacier
  یخزار   
yaxzâr (#)

Fr.: glacier   

An extended mass of ice formed from snow falling and accumulating over the years and moving very slowly, either descending from high mountains, as in valley glaciers, or moving outward from centers of accumulation, as in continental glaciers (Dictionary.com).

From Fr. glacier, from O.Fr. glace "ice," from V.L. glacia, from L. glacies "ice," probably from PIE root *gel-, → cold.

Yaxzâr, from yax, → ice, + -zâr suffix denoting profusion and abundance, as in šurezâr "infertile, salty ground; nitrous earth," xoškzâr "arid land," kârzâr "a field of battle; combat," marqzâr "a place abounding with the grass," and so forth.

glacier calving
  گوگش ِ یخزار   
gugeš-e yaxzâr

Fr.: vêlage de glacier   

The breaking off of chunks of ice at the terminus, or end, of a glacier. Ice breaks because the forward motion of a glacier makes the terminus unstable. Ice or glacier calving is the formal name for the birth of an → iceberg.

glacier; → calve.

glare
  خیرتاو   
xirtâv

Fr.: lumière éblouissante   

1) A very harsh, bright, dazzling light.
2) A type of → light pollution which is a blinding light within the field of vision. It compromises security and safety.

M.E. glaren; cognate with M.Du., M.L.G. glaren; akin to glass.

Xirtâv, literally "dazzling light," from xir, from xiré konandé, "dazzling," from xiré "much, many; obstinate; perverse; unwilling;" + tâv, variant tâb, tâbidan "to shine," → luminous.

glass
  شیشه   
šišé (#)

Fr.: verre   

A noncrystalline, inorganic mixture of various metallic oxides fused by heating with glassifiers such as silica, or boric or phosphoric oxides.

From O.E. glæs, from W.Gmc. *glasam (M.Du. glas, Ger. Glas), from PIE base *gel-/*ghel- "to shine, glitter."

Šišé "glass;" Mid.Pers. šišag.

glass blank
  گرده‌ی ِ شیشه   
gerde-ye šišé

Fr.: disque de verre   

A mass of glass ready to be shaped into a telescope mirror. Same as → glass disk.

glass; blank, from O.Fr. blanc "white, shining," from Frank. *blank "white, gleaming," of W.Gmc. origin (cf. O.E. blanca "white horse"), from P.Gmc. *blangkaz, from PIE *bhleg- "to shine."

Gerdé, → disk; šišéglass.

glass disk
  گرده‌ی ِ شیشه   
gerde-ye šišé

Fr.: disque de verre   

Same as glass blank.

glass; → disk.

glass filter
  پالایه‌ی ِ شیشه‌ای   
pâlâye-ye šiše-yi

Fr.: filtre de verre   

A filter used in → broad-band photometry. The → bandwidth ranges usually between 30 and 100 nm.

glass; → filter.

glaze
  هَسَر   
hasar (#)

Fr.: verglas, givre   

A coating of ice, generally clear and smooth, formed on exposed objects by the freezing of a film of supercooled water deposited by rain, drizzle, fog, or possibly condensed from supercooled water vapor. Also called glaze ice, verglas, and (especially British) glazed frost.

Glaze, from → glass.

Hasar "ice," probably related to Av. isu- "icy, chilly," aexa- "ice, frost," Mod.Pers. yax "ice;" cf. O.E. is "ice," from P.Gmc. *isa-; Du. ijs, Ger. Eis, E. ice.

Gliese Catalogue
  کاتالوگ ِ گلیزه   
kâtâlog-e Gliese

Fr.: catalogue de Gliese   

A compilation of all known stars within the solar neighborhood with accurately known distances. The first version, Catalogue of Nearby Stars, published in 1957, contained nearly 1000 stars located within 20 pc of Earth, listing their known properties. Gliese published an updated version in 1969, extending the range out to 22 pc. He published the second edition of the catalog in 1979 in collaboration with Hartmut Jahreiss. The combined catalog is now commonly referred to as the Gliese-Jahreiss catalog.

Wilhelm Gliese (1915-1993), a German astronomer who worked at the Heidelberg observatory; → catalog.

glitch
  گِلِس   
geles

Fr.:   

A defect or malfunction in a machine or plan.
A brief or sudden interruption or surge in voltage in an electric circuit.
A sudden change in the rotation period of a pulsar.

Glitch, from Yiddish glitsh "slippery area;" cf. glitshn, Ger. glitschen "to slip, slide."

Geles, from Lori gelese "to fall down, to slide."

global
  جهانی، سراسری، هرگانی   
jahâni, sarâsari, hargâni

Fr.: global   

Pertaining to the whole → world; worldwide; → universal.

globe; → -al.

universal.

Global Positioning System (GPS)
  راژمان ِ نهش‌داد ِ جهانی   
râžmân-e nehešdâd-e jahâni

Fr.: système de positionnement par satellites   

A coordinate positioning tool, using a combination of satellites that can rapidly and accurately determine the → latitude, → longitude, and the → altitude of a point on or above the Earth's surface. The GPS is based on a constellation of 24 Earth-orbiting satellites at an altitude of about 26,000 km. The system is a direct application of the thories of → special relativity and → general relativity.

global; → positioning; → system.

global warming
  گرمایش ِ جهانی   
garmâyeš-e jahâni

Fr.: réchauffement climatique   

An increase in the average → temperature of the Earth's → atmosphere that brings about climatic changes.

global; → warming.

globe
  گوی   
guy (#)

Fr.: globe   

A spherical body; sphere.
The planet Earth (usually preceded by the). A sphere on which is depicted a map of the Earth (terrestrial globe) or of the heavens (celestial globe).

M.E. globe, from M.Fr. globe, from L. globus "round body, ball, sphere," cognate with Pers. guy, see below.

Guy "ball, sphere," variants golulé, gullé, goruk, gulu, gudé; cf. Skt. guda- "ball, mouthful, lump, tumour," Pali gula- "ball," Gk. gloutos "rump," L. glomus "ball," globus "globe," Ger. Kugel, E. clot; PIE *gel- "to make into a ball."

globular cluster
  خوشه‌ی ِ گوی‌سان   
xuše-ye guysân (#)

Fr.: amas globulaire   

A spherical aggregate of stars made up of thousands to a few million stars which is an orbiting satellite of a galaxy. There are over 150 globular clusters orbiting our galaxy. Globular clusters are gravitationally → bound systems, highly concentrated to the center (up to a few 103 stars per cubic → light-years), with a volume ranging from a few dozen up to more than 300 light-years in diameter. They are generally old and → metal-poor and are among the first objects to be formed in a galaxy. There is also strong evidence that they form in major galaxy interactions and → mergers. The stars in a globular cluster are thought to have a common origin and thus a single age and → chemical abundance; with some exceptions such as → Omega Centauri and NGC 2808, which exhibit multiple populations. The presence of various sub-populations within a globular cluster is interpreted as indicating distinct epochs of mass → accretion and/or major → star formation. The Milky Way hosts about 200 globular clusters. They are spherically distributed about the → Galactic Center up to a radius of 350 light-years, with a maximum concentration toward the Galactic center. All but the smallest → dwarf galaxies possess globular clusters. Some galaxies, e.g. M87, contain several thousands of them. There are, however, important differences. While all the globular clusters in our Galaxy and in → M31 are old (ages of about 10 billion years, at least), there are galaxies, such as the two → Magellanic Clouds and → M33, that host much younger globular clusters (ages of a few billion years, or less).

Globular, from → globule + -ar, variant of → -al; → cluster.

Xušé, → cluster; guysân "shaped like a globe," from guy, → globe + -sân "manner, semblance" (variant sun, Mid.Pers. sân "manner, kind," Sogdian šôné "career").


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