An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : far
principle of action and reaction
  پَروز ِ ژیرش و واژیرش، ~ کنش و واکنش   
parvaz-e žireš va vâžireš, ~ koneš va vâkoneš

Fr.: principe d'action et de réaction   

Newton's third law of motion, which states that for every action there must be an equal and opposite reaction.

principle; → action; → reaction.

principle of constancy
  پروز ِ پایایی ِ تندی ِ نور   
parvaz-e pâyâyi tondi-ye nur

Fr.: principe de la constance de la vitesse de la lumière   

The second postulate in Einstein's theory of → special relativity whereby the → velocity of light in → vacuum has the same absolute value in all → inertial reference frames irrespective of the direction and speed of propagation of the light source. It should be emphasized that this constancy of the speed of light holds among → reference frames moving uniformly with respect to each other. An observer accelerated with respect to a light source will measure a speed of light that is smaller than the speed of light measured in a → rest frame. See also → principle of relativity.

principle; constancy, noun related to → constant.

principle of covariance
  پَروز ِ هم‌ورتایی   
parvaz-e hamvartâyi

Fr.: principe de covariance   

In special relativity, the principle that the laws of physics take the same mathematical form in all inertial frames of reference.

principle; → covariance.

principle of equivalence
  پَروز ِ هموگ‌ارزی   
parvaz-e hamug-arzi

Fr.: principe d'équivalence   

In → general relativity the principle which states that in the immediate proximity of an → accelerating system the acceleration is physically equivalent to → gravitational force. This principle also implies the equivalence of → gravitational mass and → inertial mass. Same as the → equivalence principle. See also → Einstein's elevator.

principle; → equivalence.

principle of excluded middle
  پروز ِ میانی سکلانده   
parvaz-e miyâni sokalândé

Fr.: principe du milieu exclu, ~ ~ tiers ~   

The second principle of → formal logic introduced in Aristotle's theory of the → syllogism: A statement is either → true or → false. In other words, two → contradictory → propositions cannot both be true. The truth of one implies the falsehood of the other. Also called law of excluded middle and → principle of excluded third.

principle; → exclude; → middle.

principle of excluded third
  پروز ِ سومی سکلانده   
parvaz-e sevomi sokalândé

Fr.: principe du tiers exclu   

Same as → principle of excluded middle.

principle; → exclude; → third.

principle of identity
  پروز ِ ایدانی   
parvaz-e idâni

Fr.: principe d'identité   

The first principle of → formal logic introduced in Aristotle's theory of the → syllogism: If a statement is true then it is true. Also called → law of identity.

principle; → identity.

principle of least action
  پَروز ِ کمترین ژیرش، ~ ~ کنش   
parvaz-e kamtarin žireš, ~ ~ koneš

Fr.: principe de moindre action   

The principle that, for a system whose total mechanical energy is conserved, the path to be taken for the system from one configuration to another is the one whose action has the least value relative to all other possible paths and from the same configurations. Also called Maupertuis' principle, least-action principle.

principle; → least; → action.

principle of non-contradiction
  پروز ِ ناپادگویی   
parvaz-e nâpâdguyi

Fr.: principe de non-contradiction   

The third principle of → formal logic introduced in Aristotle's theory of the → syllogism: No statement can be both → true and → false at the same time. Also called → law of non-contradiction.

principle; → non-; → contradiction.

principle of relativistic causality
  پروز ِ بنارمندی ِ باز‌آنیگی‌مند   
parvaz-e bonârmandi-ye bâzânigi-mand

Fr.: principe de la causalité relativiste   

One consequence of the theory of → special relativity, according to which no two events separated by a distance greater than their separation in time multiplied by the → speed of light may have a → causal influence on each other. Violation of this principle leads to → paradoxes, such as that of an → effect preceding its → cause.

principle; → relativistic; → causality.

principle of relativity
  پروز ِ بازانیگی   
parvaz-e bâzânigi

Fr.: principe de relativité   

The first postulate in Einstein's theory of → special relativity whereby all the laws of physics are the same in every → inertial reference frame. In other words, no physical measurement can distinguish one inertial reference frame from another. See also → principle of constancy.

principle; → relativity.

print
  ۱) چاپ؛ ۲) چاپ‌کردن   
1) câp; 2) câp kardan

Fr.: 1) impression, empreinte, imprimé; 2) imprimer   

1a) The state of being printed.
1b) Printed lettering, especially with reference to character, style, or size.
1c) Printed material; a printed publication, as a newspaper or magazine.
2a) To produce (a text, picture, etc.) by applying inked types, plates, blocks, or the like, to paper or other material either by direct pressure or indirectly by offsetting an image onto an intermediate roller.
2b) To reproduce (a design or pattern) by engraving on a plate or block.
2c) To form a design or pattern upon, as by stamping with an engraved plate or block.
2d) To cause (a manuscript, text, etc.) to be published in print (Dictionary.com).

M.E. prent(e), print(e), prient(e), from OF priente "impression," noun use of feminine p.p. of preindre "to press," from L. premere "to press, hold fast."

Câp "press," loan from Indo-Aryan languages chapa, chháp, chāp "seal, stamp, impression."

printer
  چاپگر   
câpgar

Fr.: imprimante, imprimeur   

1) A person or thing that prints, especially a person whose occupation is printing.
2) Computers: An output device that produces a paper copy of alphanumeric or graphic data (Dictionary.com).

print; → -er.

printer font
  ریختار ِ چاپگر   
rixtâr-e câpgar

Fr.: fonte d'imprimante   

A font used for printing. See also → screen font.

printer; → font.

prior
  پرین   
parin

Fr.: précédent, antérieur   

1) Preceding in time or in order; earlier or former; previous.
2) Preceding in importance or privilege.

O.E., from M.L. prior "former, previous, first, superior," comparative of O.L. pri "before," from PIE *prai-, *prei-, from root *per- "forward, through," → pro-.

Parin, from pra-, fra- "before, forward, forth," cognate with Gk. and L. → pro-.

priority
  پرینی   
parini

Fr.: priorité   

The condition or quality of being earlier in time or occurrence, or being regarded as more important.

prior; → -ity.

prism
  منشور   
manšur (#)

Fr.: prisme   

Optics: A transparent solid body, having at least two polished plane faces inclined relative to each other, from which light is reflected or through which light is refracted.
Geometry: A solid having two faces lying in parallel planes and with the other faces parallelograms.

L.L. prisma, from Gk. prisma, literally "something sawed," from prizein "to saw."

Manšur, etymology not clear, may be related to Ar. mawšur "prism," of unknown origin.

prism angle
  زاویه‌ی ِ منشور   
zâviye-ye manšur

Fr.: angle de prisme   

The angle between the faces on which light is incident and from which it emerges.

prism; → angle.

prism binoculars
  دوچشمی ِ منشوری، ~ منشوردار   
docešmi-ye manšuri, ~ manšurdâr

Fr.: jumelles à prismes   

An optical device consisting of a pair of small telescopes mounted side by side, each telescope having two prisms between the eyepiece and objective for erecting the image.

prism; → binoculars.

prism ocular
  چشمی ِ منشوری، ~ منشوردار   
caši-ye manšuri, ~ manšurdâr

Fr.: prisme oculaire   

An ocular equipped with a prism that forms an upright image in an astronomical telescope.

prism; → ocular.


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