An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : far
survive
  برزیویدن   
barzividan

Fr.: survivre   

To remain alive after the death of someone, the cessation of something, or the occurrence of some event; continue to live (Dictionary.com).

M.E., from O.Fr. souvivre, from L. supervivere "live beyond, live longer than," from → super- "over, beyond," + vivere "to live," cognate with Gk. bios, → bio-, and Pers. zistan "to live," as below.

Barzividan, from bar- "over, above," variant of abar-, → super-, + zividan, from Mid.Pers. zivastan "to live," zivik, zivandag "alive, living," Mod.Pers. zistan "to live;" cf. O.Pers./Av. gay- "to live;" Av. gaya- "life," gaeθâ- "being, world, mankind," jivya-, jva- "aliving, alive," Skt. jivah "alive, living;" Gk. bios "life;" L. vivus "living, alive," vita "life;" O.E. cwic "alive;" E. quick, Lith. gyvas "living, alive;" PIE base *gweie- "to live."

susceptibility
  برخودگیری   
barxodgiri

Fr.: susceptibilité   

State or character of being susceptible. → magnetic susceptibility

M.L. susceptibilitas, from susceptibilis "capable, sustainable, susceptible," from susceptus, p.p. of suscipere "sustain, support, acknowledge," from sub "up from under" + capere "to take" ......

Barxodgiri, from bar- "up; upon; on; in; into; at; forth; with; near; before; according to" (Mid.Pers. abar; O.Pers. upariy "above; over, upon, according to;" Av. upairi "above, over," upairi.zəma- "located above the earth;" cf. Gk. hyper- "over, above;" L. super-; O.H.G. ubir "over;" PIE base *uper "over") + xod "self, own" (Mid.Pers. xwad "self; indeed;" Av. hva- "self, own") + giri vebal noun of gereftan "to take, seize, hold" (Mid.Pers. griftan, gir- "to take, hold, restrain;" O.Pers./Av. grab- "to take, seize," cf. Skt. grah-, grabh- "to seize, take," graha- "seizing, holding, perceiving," M.L.G. grabben "to grab," from P.Gmc. *grab, E. grab "to take or grasp suddenly;" PIE *ghrebh- "to seize").

suspect
  ۱) برگاسیدن؛ ۲) برگاسار   
1) bargâsidan; 2) bargâsâr

Fr.: 1) soupçonner; 2) suspect   

1) To believe to be guilty, false, counterfeit, undesirable, defective, bad, etc., with little or no proof.
2) A person who is suspected, especially one suspected of a crime, offense, or the like (Dictionary.com).

M.E., from M.Fr. suspecter, from O.Fr. suspect, from L. suspectus "suspected, regarded with suspicion or mistrust," p.p. of suspicere "look up at, look upward," from assimilated form of → sub- + specere, "to look at," → -scope.

Bargâsidan, from bar- "on; up; upon; in; into; at; forth; with," → on-, + gâsidan "to look at," → speculate; bargâsâr, from bargâs + -âr, contraction of âvar agent noun of âvardan "to bring; to cause, produce," → format.

suspected
  برگاسیده   
bargâsidé

Fr.: soupçonné   

Believed likely.

Past participle of → suspect.

suspicion
  برگاسش   
bargâseš

Fr.: suspicion   

1) The state of mind or feeling of one who suspects.
2) An instance of suspecting something or someone (Dictionary.com).

M.E., from suspecioun, from O.Fr. suspicion, sospeçon "mistrust, suspicion," from L.L. suspectionem "mistrust, suspicion, fear," noun of state from past participle stem of L. suspicere "to look up at," → suspect.

Verbal noun from bargâsidan, → suspect.

suspicious
  برگاسناک   
bargâsenâk

Fr.: suspicieux   

1) Tending to cause or excite suspicion; questionable.
2) Inclined to suspect, especially inclined to suspect evil; distrustful.
3) Full of or feeling suspicion (Dictionary.com).

M.E., from O.Fr. sospecious, from L. suspiciosus, suspitiosus "exciting suspicion, causing mistrust," from stem of suspicere, → suspect.

Bargâsnâk, from bargâs present stem of pargâsidan, → suspect, + -nâk adj. suffix.

sustain
  پداردن   
padârdan

Fr.: soutenir, maintenir, prolonger   

To cause or allow something to continue for a long period of time.

M.E. suste(i)nen, from O.Fr. sustenir "hold up, endure," from L. sustinere "hold up, support, endure," from → sub- "up from below" + tenere "to hold," from from PIE root *ten- "to stretch," → tension.

Padârdan, from Sogd. padâr "to sustain, support," from Proto-Ir. *pati-dar-, from *pati- "to, toward, in, at, agianst," → ad hoc, + *dar "to hold, keep, maintain," → property, + -dan infinitive suffix.

sustainability
  پدارش‌پذیری   
padârešpaziri

Fr.: durabilité   

An ecological concept, the property or condition of being → sustainable.

Quality, state noun from → sustainable.

sustainable
  پداردنی، پدارش‌پذیر   
padârdani, padârešpazir

Fr.: durable   

Ecology: Maintaining ecological balance; exploiting natural resources without destroying the ecological balance of an area, e.g. → sustainable agriculture; → sustainable development.

sustain; → -able.

sustainable agriculture
  کشاورزی ِ پداردنی   
kešâvarzi-ye padârdani

Fr.: agriculture durable   

The ability of a farm to produce food indefinitely, without causing severe or irreversible damage to → ecosystem health.

sustainable; → agriculture.

sustainable development
  گوالش ِ پداردنی   
govâleš-e padârdani

Fr.: développement durable   

Ecology: A development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

sustainable; → development.

swan
  قو   
qu (#)

Fr.: cygne   

A large, usually white bird with a long neck that lives on rivers and lakes (family Anatidae, especially genus Cygnus).

M.E., from O.E. swan; cf. O.S. swan, O.N. svanr, M.Du. swane, Du. zwaan, O.H.G. swan, Ger. Schwan, probably literally "the singing bird," from PIE base *swon-/*swen- "to sing, make sound."

Qu "swan," maybe an onomatopoetic word from the sound of swan's call; cf. Russ. ky-ky "cry of a swan."

Swan band
  باند ِ سوان   
bând-e Swan

Fr.: bande de Swan   

One of the three prominent bands in the spectra of comets and carbon stars caused by diatomic carbon (C2).

Named after the Scottish physicist William Swan (1818-1894) who first studied the spectral analysis of radical carbon C2 in 1856; → band.

Swan Nebula
  میغ ِ قو   
miq-e qu

Fr.: nébuleuse du Cygne   

Same as → Omega Nebula.

swan; → nebula.

swarm
  غنگ   
qang

Fr.: essaim   

A great number of things especially in motion. → meteorite swarm.

ME; OE swearm; cf. O.S., M.L.G. swarm, Swed. svärm, M.Du. swerm, O.H.G. swarm, Ger. Schwarm "swarm;" O.N. svarmr "tumult."

Qang in Lârestâni "swarm of bees, flies, or the like," Lori qem (qem zaye) "swarm of bees, ants, and the like."

sweep-up radius
  شعاع ِ روبش   
šo'â'-e rubeš

Fr.: rayon de balayage   

The → radius of a → supernova remnant (SNR) when, at the end of the → free expansion phase, the mass of the swept-up → shell equals that of the ejected gas from the → supernova explosion. It is given by RSW = (3Me / 4πρ0)(1/3), where Me is the ejected mass and ρ0 is the initial density of the → interstellar medium.

Sweep, from M.E. swepen, from O.E. swapan "to sweep;" cognate with Ger. schweifen; → up; → radius.

Šo'â', → radius; rubeš, noun from ruftan, rubidan "to sweep," → scan.

switch
  ۱) دگربان؛ ۲) دگربانیدن   
1) degarbân; 2) degarbânidan

Fr.: 1) interrupteur; 2) interrompre   

1a) A shift from one to another.
1b) A device used to break or open an electric circuit or to divert current from one conductor to another.
2) To shift or exchange; To connect, disconnect, or redirect.

Switch "slender riding whip, flexible stick," probably from a Flemish or Low German word akin to Hanoverian swutsche, a variant of Low Ger. zwukse "long thin stick, switch."

Degarbân, from degar "other, another" (Mid.Pers. dit, ditikar "the other, the second;" O.Pers. duvitiya- "second," Av. daibitya-, bitya- "second;" Skt. dvitiya- "second," PIE *duitiio- "second") + -bân a suffix denoting "keeper, guard," sometimes forming agent nouns or indicating relation, → host.

switching
  دگربانی   
degarbâni

Fr.: interrompre   

The act of changing one thing or position for another.

Verbal noun of → switch (v.).

sword
  شمشیر   
šamšir (#)

Fr.: épée   

1) A weapon having various forms but consisting typically of a long, straight or slightly curved blade, sharp-edged on one or both sides, with one end pointed and the other fixed in a hilt or handle (Dictionary.com).
2) → Orion's Sword.

M.E.; O.E. sweord; cognate with Du. zwaard, Ger. Schwert, Sw. svärd.

Šamšir, Mid.Pers. šamšêr / šamšyl, Parthian safsêr; cf. Gk. sampsera denoting a "foreign sword." The E. scimitar derives ultimately from šamšir through M.Fr. cimeterre or directly from It. scimitarra, possibly from an unknown Ottoman Turkish word, borrowed from Pers.

syllogism
  باهمشماری   
bâhamšomâri (#)

Fr.: syllogisme   

A kind of → deductive reasoning whereby from two initial → propositions (two → premises) a third related proposition (→ conclusion) is derived. The typical form of a → categorical syllogism is "A is B;" "C is A;" "Therefore, C is B." For example, "All humans are mortal." "John is human." "Therefore, John is mortal." "Mortal" (B) is called the → major term; it occurs in the first premise and is the → predicate of the conclusion. "John" (C), the subject of the conclusion, is called the → minor term. "Human," which is common to both premises and is excluded from the conclusion, is called the → middle term. See also → Aristotelian forms. Syllogism is purely formal. It does not enrich knowledge, but gives a new presentation to what is already known. It is also possible to have a logically valid syllogism based on → absurd premises. For example, "All cats are mammals." "All cats are animals." "Therefore, all animals are mammals." Syllogism, representing the earliest branch of → formal logic, was developed in its original form by Aristotle in his Organon (Prior Analytics) about 350 BC.
See also: → bivalent logic, → polyvalent logic, → symbolic logic, → propositional logic, → first-order logic, → predicate logic, → syllogistic; → fuzzy logic.

M.E. silogisme, from O.Fr. silogisme, from L. syllogismus, from Gk. syllogismos "a syllogism," originally "inference, conclusion; computation, calculation," from syllogizesthai "bring together before the mind, compute, conclude," from assimilated form of → syn- "together" + logizesthai "to reason, to count," from logos "a reckoning, reason," → logic.

Bâhamšomârik, literally "reckoning together," from bâham "together," from "with," → hypo-, + ham, → syn-, + šomâr present stem of šomârdan "to reckon, calculate, enumerate, account for," → count, + suffix -i.


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