An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : far
analogue
  آناگویه؛ آناگو، آناگوییک   
ânâguyé; ânâgu, ânâguyik

Fr.: analogue, analogique   

1) (n.) Something that has → analogy to something else.
2) Chemistry: (n.) A chemical compound whose molecular structure is closely similar to that of another.
3) Relating to or using signals or information represented by a continuous variable physical quantity such as spatial position or voltage. Often contrasted with → digital.

From Fr. analogue, from Gk. analogon, → analogy.

analogue computer
  رایانگر ِ آناگوییک   
râyângar-e ânâguyik

Fr.: ordinateur analogique   

A computer in which data is stored and processed in the form of continually varying signals representing a physical quantity rather than in the form of individual numerical values. The simplest analogue computers are side rules, thermometers, voltmeters, and speedometers.

analogue; → computer.

analogy
  آناگویی   
ânâguyi (#)

Fr.: analogie   

1) A similarity or comparability between two things.
2) Math.: A general similarity between two problems or methods. Analogy is used to infer new theorems from existing ones. Hypotheses based on analogy must still be proved.
3) Logic: A form of reasoning which asserts that if two or more entities are similar in one or more respects, then they would be similar in other respects.
4) Biology: An analogous relationship.
5) Linguistics: The process by which a word or form is either created or changed according to existing patterns in the language.

M.E., from O.Fr. analogie or directly from L. analogia, from Gk. analogia "proportion," from → ana- "upon, according to" + logos "ratio; word, speech, reckoning," → -logy.

analysis
  آنالس، آناکاوی   
ânâlas, ânâkâvi

Fr.: analyse   

1) General: The separation of an intellectual or material whole into its constituent parts for individual study. The study of such constituent parts and their interrelationships in making up a whole (opposite of → synthesis).
2) Chemistry: The separation of a substance into its constituent elements to determine either their nature (qualitative analysis) or their proportions (quantitative analysis).
3) Mathematics: A branch of mathematics principally involving → differential and integral calculus, → sequences, and → series and concerned with → limits and → convergence.

From M.L. analysis, from Gk. analysis "a breaking up," from analyein "unloose," from ana- "up, throughout" + lysis "a loosening," from lyein "to loosen, release, untie". The L. cognate and counterpart of this Gk. word, i.e. luere has formed the words solve, dissolve, solution. The Skt. cognate lu, lunoti "to cut, sever, mow, pluck, tear asunder, destroy," lava "cutting, plucking; what is cut; fragment, piece;" PIE *leu- "to loosen, divide, cut apart". The Eng. lose, loose and Ger. los derive from this root.

Ânâlas, from ânâ-, → ana-, + las "loose" ([Mo'in], Gilaki, Tabari, Tâleši, Aftari). We do not know the Av./O.Pers. counterparts of these Gk. las, lysis, lyein, but we believe that las and the following words probably derive from the above-mentioned PIE *leu-:
"slit, cut" (Tabari),
lâb, lâp, lib "slit, cut, piece, half" (Tabari),
lâpé "a cut piece of wood" [Mo'in],
lâpé kardan "to cut a timber along its length" [Mo'in],
lap "piece, big piece, big cut" [Mo'in]. This word was chosen by Farhangestân I for "lobe of the lung".
lâc "open, wide-open" (Tabari),
luš "torn" [Mo'in], also luš luš [Mo'in] "in pieces,"
lat "torn, piece" [Mo'in]. Compare with luta "cut, cut off" in Pali. Lat may also be a contraction of laxt.
lok "torn, piece" (Qâyeni),
lâš "slit" (Tabari),
lâš kardan "to pick, to pluck" [Mo'in],
latu "plough" (Tabari).
Ânâkâvidan, from ânâ- + kâvidan (kâftan) "to examine, investigate, search; dig," from kâv + infinitive suffix -idan; compare with Mod.Pres. kâvâk "hollow, empty," L. cavus "hollow" (E. derivatives: cavity, concave, cave, excavate), Gk. koilos "hollow."

analytic
  آنالسی   
ânâlasi

Fr.: analytique   

Of or relating to analysis, in contrast with → synthetic. Also analytical.

M.L. analyticus, from Gk. analytikos, from analy-, → analysis, + -tikos, -tic, equivalent to → -ic.

Pertaining to ânâlas, → analysis.

analytic curve
  خم ِ آنالسی   
xam-e ânâlasi

Fr.: courbe analytique   

A curve whose parametric equations are real → analytic functions of a single real variable.

analytic; → curve.

analytic function
  کریای ِ آنالسی   
karyâ-ye ânâlasi

Fr.: fonction analytique   

A function which can be represented by a convergent → power series.

analytic; → function.

analytic geometry
  هندسه‌ی ِ آنالسی   
hendese-ye ânâlasi

Fr.: géométrie analytique   

The study of the geometry of figures by algebraic representation and manipulation of equations describing their positions, configurations, and separations.

analytic; → geometry.

analytic language
  زبان ِ آنالسی   
zabân-e ânâlasi

Fr.: langue analytique   

A language that is characterized largely by the fact that it depends on word order, rather than on inflections (grammatical endings), to convey sentence meanings. In an analytic language relations between nouns and adjectives are expressed using prepositions. English and (to a lesser extent) French, and Persian are considered analytic languages, while German and Russian are → synthetic languages.

analytic; → language.

analytical
  آنالسی   
ânâlasi

Fr.: analytique   

Same as → analytic.

analysis; → -al.

analytical mechanics
  مکانیک ِ آنالسی   
mekânik-e ânâlasi

Fr.: mécanique analytique   

A branch of → mechanics based on → variational principle that describes systems by their → Lagrangian or → Hamiltonian. Analytical mechanics provides a formalism that is different from that of Newton and does not use the concept of force. Among other things, analytical mechanics gives a more simple description of continuous and constrained systems. Moreover, its mathematical structure allows it an easier transition to quantum mechanical topics.

analytical; → mechanics.

analyze
  آنالسیدن، آناکاویدن   
ânâlasidan, ânâkâvidan

Fr.: analyser   

Infinitive of → analysis.

analyzer
  آنالسگر، آناکاوگر   
ânâlasgar, ânâkâvgar

Fr.: analyseur   

An optical device by which the direction of → polarization of a beam of light can be detected. Usually the light has been passed through a → polarizer before arriving at the analyzer.

Agent noun, from → analyze + → -er.

anamorphic
  آناریختی، آناریخت‌مند   
ânârixti, ânârixmand

Fr.: anamorphique   

The quality of an → anamorphic system.

ana- "up," + morphe "form," → morphology + → -ic.

anamorphic system
  راژمان ِ آناریخت، ~ آناریخت‌مند   
râžmân-e ânârixt, ~ ânârixtmand

Fr.: système anamorphique   

An optical system whose optical power, and imaging scale, differs in the two principal directions. See also → anamorphosis.

anamorphic; → system.

anamorphosis
  آناریخت‌مندی   
ânârixtmandi

Fr.: anamorphose   

1) Optics: The formation of a distorted image by an → anamorphic system.
2) Biology: The evolution from one type to another through a gradual and steady process of changes.
3) Art: A distorted image that appears in proportion when it is viewed from a specific point of view or reflected in a curved mirror, or with some other optical device.

From Gk. anamorphosis "transformation," noun of action from anamorphoein "to transform," from → ana- "up," + morphe "form" + -sis a suffix forming abstract nouns of action, process, state, condition, etc.

Ânârixtmandi, from ânâ- "up," + rixt "morphe," → morphology, + mand, → -ist + noun suffix -i.

Ananke [Jupiter XII]
  آننکه   
Ânanké

Fr.: Ananké   

The thirteenth of Jupiter's known satellites discovered by S.B. Nicholson in 1951. It orbits the planet at a mean distance of 21,200,000 km, and has a diameter of about 30 km.

In Gk. mythology, Ananke is the personification of destiny, unalterable necessity and fate; she is also the mother of Adrastea,

anastigmatic lens
  عدسی ِ گراور   
adasi-ye gerâ-var

Fr.: anastigmate   

A lens designed to correct → astigmatism.

astigmatism; → lens.

ancestor
  نیا   
niyâ (#)

Fr.: ancêtre   

One from whom a person is descendant; a forefather.

M.E. ancestre, from O.Fr. ancestre, ancessor "ancestor, forebear, forefather," from L.L. antecessor "predecessor," literally "fore-goer," agent noun from p.p. stem of L. antecedere "to precede," from ante "before" + cedere "to go," → process.

Niyâ, from Mid.Pers. niyâg "forefather, ancestor;" O.Pers. niyāka-, Av. nyāka-

and
  اُ، و   
o, va

Fr.: et   

1) (Conjunction, used to connect grammatically coordinate words, phrases, or clauses) Along or together with; as well as; in addition to; besides; also; moreover. → if and only if.
2) (Conjunction) Added to; plus (Dictionary.com).

From M.E., from O.E., akin to O.H.G. unti "and."

Va "and," graphical corruption of o "and;" Mid.Pers. ut, u- "and;" O.Pers. utā; Av. uta- "and;" cf. Skt. utá; maybe also influenced by Av. a disjunctive particle (Skt. ) "or," occasionally used in the sense of "and;" ... "either, or;" cf. Sogd. βa, fa "and, or," "or."


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