An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : far
fringe visibility
  پدیداری ِ فریز   
padidâri-ye fariz (#)

Fr.: visibilité des franges   

Optics: If the intensity in an interference fringe pattern has the maximum and minimum values Imax and Imin, the visibility is defined by the relation ν = (Imax - Imin) / (Imax + Imin), where 0 ≤ ν ≤ 1. In terms of the intensities of the two interfering waves: ν = 2(I1 . I2)1/2 / (I1 + I2).

fringe; → visibility

frog
  قورباغه   
qurbâqe (#)

Fr.: grenouille   

A tailless amphibian with a short squat body, moist smooth skin, a large head, and very long hind legs for leaping.

Qurbâqe "frog," prefixed bâq, variants Tabari, Aftari vak, Tabari vag, Lori, Laki qorvâ, korvâx, Kurd. baq, Zâzâ baqa; Mid.Pers. vazak, vak; Av. vazaγa- "frog."

front
  رو، پیشان   
ru, pišân

Fr.: face, front   

1) The part or side of anything that faces forward. → ionization front.
2) Meteo.: A narrow zone of transition between air masses of contrasting density, that is, air masses of different temperature or different water vapor concentration or both.
3) The side of the → planispheric astrolabe that displays the → limb of the → mater, the → tympanum, the → rete, and, in some models, the → rule. By setting the front, i.e., by rotating the rete around the mater, one can depict the appearance of the heavens as determined by observation in order to obtain a time value from the instrument. Alternatively, by configuring the rete for a given day, one can perform several astronomical computations such as the rising, culmination, and setting of the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars (online museo galileo, VirtualMuseum).

From O.Fr. front "forehead, brow," from L. frontem "forehead," perhaps lit. "that which projects," from PIE *bhront-, from base *bhren- "to project, stand out."

Pišân, from pišâni "front, forehead," from piš "before; in front," from Mid.Pers. pêš "before, earlier;" O.Pers. paišiya "before; in the presence of" + -ân suffix of place and time.
Ru "face," → surface.

front-end
  پیش-ته   
piš-tah

Fr.:   

A device containing a radio-frequency amplifier and associated cryogenic systems, routers, and converters (mixers), whose input is the voltage from a receptor and whose output is an intermediate-frequency signal. → back-end.

front + end, from O.E. ende, from P.Gmc. *andja, originally "the opposite side," from PIE *antjo "end, boundary," from base *anta-/*anti- "opposite, in front of, before."

Piš-tah, from piš, → front, + tah "end;" Mid.Pers. tah "bottom." The origin of this term is not clear. It may be related to Gk. tenagos "bottom, swamp," Latvian tigas "depth;" PIE *tenegos "water bottom."

frontier
  مرز   
marz (#)

Fr.: frontière   

A border between two countries.
A line of division between different or opposed things.
The farthermost limits of knowledge or achievement in a particular subject.

From O.Fr. fronter, from front "forehead, brow," → front.

Marz, from Mid.Pers. marz "boundary;" Av. marəza- "border, district," marəz- "to rub, wipe;" Mod.Pers. parmâs "contact, touching" (→ contact), mâl-, mâlidan "to rub;" PIE base *merg- "boundary, border;" cf. L. margo "edge" (Fr. marge "margin"); P.Gmc. *marko; Ger. Mark; E. mark, margin.

Frontier Fields
  میدانهای ِ مرزی   
Meydânhâ-ye Marzi

Fr.: Champs frontialers   

An observing project using the → Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the → Spitzer Space Telescope to obtain deep images for cosmological studies. The Frontier Fields combines the power of HST and Spitzer with the natural gravitational telescopes of massive high-magnification clusters of galaxies to produce the deepest observations of clusters and their lensed galaxies ever obtained. Six clusters (Abell 2744, MACSJ0416.1-2403, MACSJ0717.5+3745, MACSJ1149.5+2223, Abell S1063, and Abell 370) were selected based on their lensing strength, sky darkness, Galactic extinction, parallel field suitability, accessibility to ground-based facilities, HST, Spitzer and JWST observability, and preexisting ancillary data. (Lotz et al., 2016, arxiv/1605.06567 and references therein).

frontier; → field.

frost
  بشمه   
bašmé (#)

Fr.: givre, gelée   

Ice crystals that are formed by deposition of water vapor on a relatively cold surface.
The condition that exists when the temperature of the earth's surface and earthbound objects fall below freezing.

O.E. forst, frost "a freezing, becoming frozen, extreme cold," from P.Gmc. *frusta- (cf. O.H.G. frost, Du. vorst), related to freosan "to freeze."

Bašmé, from bašm "hoar-frost; dew," variants bažm, bašk, pašak "frost; dew," may be related to (štiyâni, Qomi dialects) bašand, vašand, vašan "rain" (vašan-sâl "rainy year"), (Lori, Laki) vašt "rain shower," (Gurâni) wašt, wišani "rain" (Tâti Karingâni) vurasten "to rain;" Av. -varšta- "rain," aiwi-varšta- "rained upon;" Skt. vars- "to rain," varsá- "rain;" M.Irish frass "rain shower, torrent;" Gk. eérse "dew," oureo "to urinate."

Froude number
  عدد ِ فرود   
adad-e Froude

Fr.: nombre de Froude   

A → dimensionless number that gives the ratio of local acceleration to gravitational acceleration in the vertical.

Named after William Froude (1810-1879), English engineer.

frozen
  یخ‌بسته، رچیده   
yax basté, rocidé

Fr.: gelé   

1) Turned into or covered with ice. → frozen water.
2) Attached or → fixed so as to be immovable. → frozen magnetic field line.

Past participle of → freeze.

frozen magnetic field line
  خط ِ میدان ِ مغناتیسی ِ یخ‌بسته، ~ ~ ~ رچیده   
xatt-e meydân-e meqnâtisi-ye yax basté, ~ ~ ~ rocidé

Fr.: ligne de champ magnétique gelée   

A → magnetic field line in a → fluid when the motion of the fluid carries the magnetic field along with it.

Frozen, p.p. of → freeze; → magnetic; → line.

frozen water
  آب ِ یخ‌بسته، ~ رچیده   
âb-e yax basté, âb-e rocidé

Fr.: eau gelée   

Turned into or covered with → ice. See also: → water ice.

Past participle of → freeze.

FU Orionis object
  بر‌آخت ِ FU شکارگر   
barâxt-e FU Šekârgar

Fr.: objet FU Orionis   

A member of a class of → pre-main sequence stars that experience dramatic changes in magnitude and → spectral type. During an outburst the luminosity of such an object can increase by several orders of magnitude on short time-scales (few months to few years). The phenomenon is explained by abrupt mass transfer from an → accretion disk to a young, low mass → T Tauri star (accretion rates 10-4 to 10-3 solar masses per year). → EX Lupi; → Z CMa.

F and U, alphabet letters; Orionis, → Orion; → object.

full
  پر   
por (#)

Fr.: plein   

Completely filled; containing all that can be held; complete; entire; maximum.

O.E. full "completely, full," from P.Gmc. *fullaz (cf. O.Fris. ful, O.N. fullr, O.H.G. fol, Ger. voll), akin to Pers. por, as below.

Por "full;" Mid.Pers. purr "full;" O.Pers. paru- "much, many;" Av. parav-, pauru-, pouru-, from par- "to fill;" PIE base *pelu- "full," from *pel- "to be full;" cf. Skt. puru- "much, abundant;" Gk. polus "many," plethos "great number, multitude;" O.E. full.

full micro Moon
  ریز پرمانگ، ~ پرماه   
riz pormâng, ~ pormâh

Fr.: pleine lune d'apogée   

Same as → apogee full Moon.

full; → micro-; → Moon.

full moon
  پرمانگ، پرماه   
pormâng, pormâh (#)

Fr.: pleine lune   

1) The moon at → opposition, when it appears as a round disk to an observer on the Earth because the illuminated side is toward him.
2) The phase when the → age of the moon, measured from → new moon, is 14.5 days.

full; → moon.

Pormâh, from Mid.Pers. purrmâh, from Av. pərənô.manha- "full moon" (cf. Skt. pūrná-mās-); → full; → moon.

full super Moon
  ابر پرمانگ، ابر پرماه   
abar pormâng, abar pormâh

Fr.: pleine lune de périgée   

Same as → perigee full Moon.

full; → super-; → Moon.

full-width at half-maximum (FWHM)
  پهنای ِ نیم‌بیشینه   
pahnâ-ye nim-bišiné

Fr.: largeur à mi-hauteur   

The full width of a → profile (spectral line or a cross-cut in an image component) at half-maximum intensity.

full; → width; → half; → maximum.

Pahnâ, → width; nim, → half; bišiné, → maximum.

function
  کریا   
karyâ

Fr.: fonction   

A mathematical rule between two sets which assigns to each element of the first exactly one element of the second, as the expression y = axb.

From M.Fr. fonction, from O.Fr. function, from L. functio (gen. functionis) "performance, execution," from functus, p.p. of fungor "to perform, execute."

Karyâ, from Av. kairya- "function;" cf. Mod.Pers. Laki karyâ "done," Awromâni kiriyây, kiria "to be done," from kar- "to do" (Mod.Pers. kar-, kardan "to do, to make;" Mid.Pers. kardan; O.Pers./Av. kar- "to do, make, build;" Av. kərənaoiti "he makes;" cf. Skt. kr- "to do, to make," krnoti "he makes, he does," karoti "he makes, he does," karma "act, deed;" PIE base kwer- "to do, to make") + -ya suffix of verbal adjectives and nouns (e.g. išya- "desirable," jivya- "living, fresh," haiθya- "true," maidya- "middle," dadya- "grain"); cf. Skt. kāryá- "work, duty, performance."

functional
  ۱) کریایی؛ ۲) کریال   
1) karyâyi; 2) karyâl

Fr.: 1) fonctionnel; 2) fonctionnelle   

1) Math.: Of, relating to, or affecting a function.
2) A → function that associates a → real number or → complex number to a function or a → set of functions. A functional can be considered as a function of a set of several infinite and continuous → variables.

function; → -al.

fundamental
  بنیادین   
bonyâdin (#)

Fr.: fondamental   

1) Being an original or primary source.
2) A basic principle, rule, law, or the like, that serves as the groundwork of a system.

L.L. fundamentalis "of the foundation," from L. fundamentum "foundation," from fundare "to found."

Bonyâdin, adj. of bonyâd "foundation, basis," from *bondâd (Mid.Pers. bune dâtak "foundation, basis"), from bon "basis; root; foundation; bottom" (Mid.Pers. bun "root; foundation; beginning," Av. būna- "base, depth," cf. Skt. bundha-, budhná- "base, bottom," Pali bunda- "root of tree") + dâd "given," from dâdan "to give" (Mid.Pers. dâdan "to give," O.Pers./Av. dā- "to give, grant, yield," dadāiti "he gives;" Skt. dadáti "he gives," Gk. didomi "I give," tithenai "to put, set, place;" L. dare "to give, offer;" Rus. delat "to do;" O.H.G. tuon, Ger. tun, O.E. don "to do").


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