<< < -es -iv -ti 21- a p abe abs abs acc acc acc act act ada adi ads aes Age Alb Alf ali all alp alt ama amp ana ang ang ann ano ant ant ape apo app app arb are ari art ass ast ast ast Atl ato ato Aug aut Avo azi bac bal ban bar bas bea bel Bet bia Big bin bio bir bla bla blo blu Boh Bon bot Bow bre Bri bro but cal cal Can Cap car cas cat cau cel cen cen cha cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ Cla clo clu CNO coa coe coi col col Col com com com com com com com com com con con con con con con con con con con con coo Cor Cor cor cos cos cos Cou cou cra Cre cro Cru cub cur cyc cyl dar dat Daw de- Deb dec dec def def deg Del den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra dua dus dwa dyn e-f Ear ecl eco edu eig Ein ela ele ele ele Ele elo emi emp ene Enl env epi equ equ erg est Euc eva evo exa exc exe exo exp exp ext ext f m fac fal fas fee Fer fib fie fin Fir fix fle flu foc for for For fou Fra fre Fri ful fuz Gal Gal gal Gam gas Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro gul H-b hal Ham har Hay hea hel hel hem her het Hig hik hol hom hor hot Hub hum hyb hyd hyd hyp hyp ide ign ima imp imp imp inc ind ind ine inf inf inf ini ins ins ins int int int int Int int int int inv ion iri irr iso iso iso Jea Jos jun K-T Kep key kin Kol lad Lam lan lar las lat lea leg len lev lig lik lin lin lin Lis lob loc log loo low lum lun lun Lym Mac Mag mag mag mag mag Mag mak map Mar mas mat mat mea mea med mem mer MES met met MHD mic mid mil min mis mix mod mol mom Moo mos Mu mul mus nab nar nat neb neg nes neu New New nig nod non non non Nor noz nuc nul num OB obl obs Occ oct off Ohm on- ope Opp opt opt orb orb org Ori ort osm out ove ozo pal pap par par par pas pat pec pen per per per per per pH pha pho pho pho phy pie pla Pla Pla pla pla Plo poi pol pol pol pol por pos pot pow pre pre pre Pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro Pro pub pul pyr qua qua qua qua Qui rad rad rad rad rad rad ram ran rat Ré rea rec rec rec red ref ref reg reg rel rel rem rep res res res ret rev rho Rie rim riv rol Ros rot rul S a Sag sam sat sca Sch Sch sco sec sec sec seg sel sem sen set sha Sha sho SI sid sil sim sin sis sky slo sna Soc sol sol sol Sol Som sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste sto sto str str sub sub sub sum sup sup sup sup sur sus sym syn sys tan Tay Tem ten ter The the the the thi thr tic tid tim Tol tor tot tra tra tra tra Tri tri tro tru tur two Typ UHE ult unc uni uni uni upg ura uti val var vec vel ver ver vig vir vis VLT vol wad was wav wav wea wei Whe Wie win WN5 Wol WZ Yag yot zen zir > >>
geostrophic zamincarxeši Fr.: géostrophique Of or pertaining to the force produced by the rotation of the Earth. From Gk. → geo- + Gk. strophe "a turning," from strephein "to turn," from PIE *strebh- "to wind, turn" + → -ic. From zamin-, → geo-, + carxeši, → rotational. |
geostrophic balance tarâzmandi-ye zamincarxeši Fr.: équilibre géostrophique Meteo.: The balance between the → Coriolis force and the → pressure gradient force. See also → geostrophic flow. → geostrophic; → balance. |
geostrophic flow tacân-e zamincarxeši Fr.: écoulement géostrophique Oceanography: A flow resulting from → geostrophic balance. In geostrophic flow water moves along the lines of constant pressure or → isobars. Geostrophic flow is characterized by small → Rossby and → Ekman numbers. → geostrophic; → flow. |
geostrophic wind bâd-e zamincarxeši Fr.: vent géostrophique Meteo.: A wind which is balanced by the → Coriolis effect and → pressure gradient force. An air parcel initially at rest will move from high pressure to low pressure because of the pressure gradient force. However, the air parcel in its movement is deflected by the Coriolis force, to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left on the southern hemisphere. As the wind gains speed, the deflection increases until the Coriolis force equals the pressure gradient force. At this point, the wind will be blowing parallel to the → isobars. → geostrophic; → wind. |
geosynchronous orbit madâr-e zamin-hamgâm Fr.: orbite géosynchrone A circular orbit around the Earth identical to a geostationary orbit except that the satellite's orbit does not necessarily lie in the Earth's equatorial plane. → geo-; → synchronous; → orbit. |
German mounting barnešând-e Âlmâni Fr.: monture allemande An equatorial mounting in which the declination axis is at the end of the polar axis, which is on top of a pier to raise the telescope to a convenient height. German, from L. Germanus, maybe of Gaulish (Celtic) origin, perhaps originally meaning "noisy" (cf. O.Ir. garim "to shout") or "neighbor" (cf. O.Ir. gair "neighbor"); → mounting. Barnešând, → mounting; Âlmâni "German," from Âlmân, from Fr. Allemand "German," from P.Gmc. *Alamanniz, probably meaning "all-man" and denoting a wide alliance of tribes. Alternatively, perhaps meaning "foreign men," cognate with L. alius "the other." |
gerund karnâm Fr.: gérondif, substantif verbal A noun formed from a verb, denoting an action or state. In English, the gerund is the "-ing" form of a verb when it functions grammatically as a noun in a sentence; it is identical in appearance to the present participle. From L.L. gerundium, from gerundum "to be carried out," gerundive of gerere "to bear, carry." Karnâm, short for karvâznâm, from karvâz, → verb, + nâm "name, → noun." |
GeV GeV Fr.: GeV Giga (billion) → electron volt. A unit of → energy used to describe the total energy carried by a → particle or → photon. → giga- + → electron volt. |
ghost parhib (#) Fr.: image fantôme A faint false image caused by reflection that is sometimes seen in an optical system. In spectroscopy, a false image of a spectral line formed by irregularities in the ruling of diffraction gratings. Ghost, from O.E. gast "soul, spirit, breath," from P.Gmc. *ghoizdoz (cf. M.Du. gheest, Ger. Geist "spirit, ghost"), from PIE base *ghois- "to be excited, frightened;" cf. Av. zaēša- "horrible, frightful," zôiždišta- "the most loathsome;" Mid./Mod.Pers. zešt "ugly, disgusting;" Goth. usgaisjan "to be afraid;" O.E. gæstan "to frighten." Parhib "ghost," Pers. word of Xorâsâni dialect. |
Ghost Head Nebula miq-e sar-e parhib Fr.: Nébuleuse de la Tête de Fantôme A star forming region in the → Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite of our Galaxy, as pictured by the → Hubble Space Telescope. It spans about 50 light-years and contains several young, → massive stars. |
giant qul, qulpeykar, kalân (#) Fr.: géant A person or thing of unusually great size, power, importance. In astronomy, e.g. → giant star, → giant branch, → red giant. From O.Fr. géant, from V.L. *gagantem, from L. gigas "giant," from Gk. gigas (gen. gigantos), huge and savage monsters, children of Gaia and Uranus, who fought the Olympians but were eventually destroyed by the gods, probably from a pre-Gk. language. The Gk. word was used in Septuagint (the Greek translation of the Jewish Scriptures) to refer to men of great size and strength, hence the expanded use in Western languages. Qul "an imaginary hideous demon, supposed to devour men and animals," Pers. word
probably related to Skt. grábha- "a demon causing diseases, one who seizes,"
grahila- "possessed by a demon," from
grah-, grabh- "to seize, take," graha
"seizing, holding, perceiving," Av./O.Pers. grab- "to take, seize;"
Mid.Pers. griftan; Mod.Pers. gereftan
"to take, seize;" cf. M.L.G. grabben "to grab,"
from P.Gmc. *grab, E. grab "to take or grasp suddenly;"
PIE base *ghrebh- "to seize." |
giant branch šâxe-ye qulân, ~ qulpeykarân (#) Fr.: branche des géantes A conspicuous family of stars in the → Hertzsprung-Russell diagram composed of red, evolved stars with large sizes. → giant star; → red giant. |
giant H II region nahiye-ye H II-ye qulpeykar Fr.: région H II géante An → H II region emitting at least 1050 → Lyman continuum photons per second, or about 10 times → Orion nebula. Such an H II region should be powered by at least one O3V star or by at least a dozen → O-type and tens → B-type stars. Our nearest giant H II region is → NGC 3603. Some other Galactic giant H II regions are: → Lagoon Nebula, M17, W31, W51A, and NGC 3576. |
giant magnetoresistance (GMR) meqnât-istâdegi-ye kalân, istâdegi-ye meqnâtisi-ye ~ Fr.: magnétorésistance géante A quantum mechanical phenomenon where the resistance of certain materials drops dramatically upon application of a magnetic field in certain structures composed of alternating layers of magnetic and nonmagnetic metals. The basis of the GMR is the dependence of the electrical resistivity of electrons in a magnetic metal on the direction of the electron spin, either parallel or anti-parallel to the magnetic moment of the layers. The 2007 Nobel Prize in physics was awarded to the French physicist Albert Fert (1938-) and German physicist Peter Grünberg (1939-) for the discovery of GMR. → giant; magneto- combining form of → magnet; → resistance. |
giant molecular cloud (GMC) abr-e molekuli-ye qulpeykar (#) Fr.: nuage moléculaire géant A massive complex of → interstellar gas and → dust, consisting mostly of → molecular hydrogen, that typically stretches over 150 light-years and contains several hundred thousand → solar masses. Giant molecular clouds are the principal sites of star formation. → molecular cloud. |
giant planet sayyâre-ye qulpeykar (#) Fr.: planète géante A planet much more massive than Earth. The solar system has four giant planets: → Jupiter, → Saturn, → Uranus, and → Neptune. |
giant star setâre-ye qulpeykar (#) Fr.: étoile géante A high-luminosity star that has evolved off the → main sequence and lies above the main sequence on the → Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. A member of the → giant branch. → red giant. |
gibbous kuž, kužmâh (#) Fr.: gibbeux An adjective applied to the phase of the Moon (or a planet) when it is more than half full, but less than entirely full. From L.L. gibbous "hunchbacked," from L. gibbus "hump, hunch;" cf. Mod.Pers. kaž "crooked, bent, being aside;" Skt. kubja- "hump-backed, crooked;" Pali kujja- "bent;" Lith. kupra "hump." Kuž "humped," Mid.Pers. kôf "hill, mountain; hump" (Mod.Pers. kuh, "mountain"), kôfik "humpbacked," O.Pers. kaufa-, Av. kaofa- "mountain;" mâh, → moon. |
Gibbs canonical distribution vâbâžeš-e hanjârvâr-e Gibbs Fr.: distribution canonique de Gibbs The probability distribution of the various possible states of a certain → quasi-closed subsystem. → Gibbs free energy; → canonical; → distribution. |
Gibbs free energy kâruž-e âzâd-e Gibbs Fr.: énergie libre de Gibbs The total energy needed to create a thermodynamic system minus the energy provided the environment. It is defined by G = U + PV -TS, where U is the → internal energy, T the → absolute temperature, S the → entropy, P the → pressure, and V is the final → volume. Same as the → Gibbs function and → thermodynamic potential. Named after Josiah Willard Gibbs (1839-1903), an American physicist who played an important part in the foundation of analytical thermodynamics; → free; → energy. |
<< < -es -iv -ti 21- a p abe abs abs acc acc acc act act ada adi ads aes Age Alb Alf ali all alp alt ama amp ana ang ang ann ano ant ant ape apo app app arb are ari art ass ast ast ast Atl ato ato Aug aut Avo azi bac bal ban bar bas bea bel Bet bia Big bin bio bir bla bla blo blu Boh Bon bot Bow bre Bri bro but cal cal Can Cap car cas cat cau cel cen cen cha cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ Cla clo clu CNO coa coe coi col col Col com com com com com com com com com con con con con con con con con con con con coo Cor Cor cor cos cos cos Cou cou cra Cre cro Cru cub cur cyc cyl dar dat Daw de- Deb dec dec def def deg Del den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra dua dus dwa dyn e-f Ear ecl eco edu eig Ein ela ele ele ele Ele elo emi emp ene Enl env epi equ equ erg est Euc eva evo exa exc exe exo exp exp ext ext f m fac fal fas fee Fer fib fie fin Fir fix fle flu foc for for For fou Fra fre Fri ful fuz Gal Gal gal Gam gas Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro gul H-b hal Ham har Hay hea hel hel hem her het Hig hik hol hom hor hot Hub hum hyb hyd hyd hyp hyp ide ign ima imp imp imp inc ind ind ine inf inf inf ini ins ins ins int int int int Int int int int inv ion iri irr iso iso iso Jea Jos jun K-T Kep key kin Kol lad Lam lan lar las lat lea leg len lev lig lik lin lin lin Lis lob loc log loo low lum lun lun Lym Mac Mag mag mag mag mag Mag mak map Mar mas mat mat mea mea med mem mer MES met met MHD mic mid mil min mis mix mod mol mom Moo mos Mu mul mus nab nar nat neb neg nes neu New New nig nod non non non Nor noz nuc nul num OB obl obs Occ oct off Ohm on- ope Opp opt opt orb orb org Ori ort osm out ove ozo pal pap par par par pas pat pec pen per per per per per pH pha pho pho pho phy pie pla Pla Pla pla pla Plo poi pol pol pol pol por pos pot pow pre pre pre Pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro Pro pub pul pyr qua qua qua qua Qui rad rad rad rad rad rad ram ran rat Ré rea rec rec rec red ref ref reg reg rel rel rem rep res res res ret rev rho Rie rim riv rol Ros rot rul S a Sag sam sat sca Sch Sch sco sec sec sec seg sel sem sen set sha Sha sho SI sid sil sim sin sis sky slo sna Soc sol sol sol Sol Som sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste sto sto str str sub sub sub sum sup sup sup sup sur sus sym syn sys tan Tay Tem ten ter The the the the thi thr tic tid tim Tol tor tot tra tra tra tra Tri tri tro tru tur two Typ UHE ult unc uni uni uni upg ura uti val var vec vel ver ver vig vir vis VLT vol wad was wav wav wea wei Whe Wie win WN5 Wol WZ Yag yot zen zir > >>