<< < -es -iv -ti 21- a p abe abs abs acc acc acc act act ada adi ads aes Age Alb Alf ali all alp alt ama amp ana ang ang ann ano ant ant ape apo app app arb are ari art ass ast ast ast Atl ato ato Aug aut Avo azi bac bal ban bar bas bea bel Bet bia Big bin bio bir bla bla blo blu Boh Bon bot Bow bre Bri bro but cal cal Can Cap car cas cat cau cel cen cen cha cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ Cla clo clu CNO coa coe coi col col Col com com com com com com com com com con con con con con con con con con con con coo Cor Cor cor cos cos cos Cou cou cra Cre cro Cru cub cur cyc cyl dar dat Daw de- Deb dec dec def def deg Del den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra dua dus dwa dyn e-f Ear ecl eco edu eig Ein ela ele ele ele Ele elo emi emp ene Enl env epi equ equ erg est Euc eva evo exa exc exe exo exp exp ext ext f m fac fal fas fee Fer fib fie fin Fir fix fle flu foc for for For fou Fra fre Fri ful fuz Gal Gal gal Gam gas Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro gul H-b hal Ham har Hay hea hel hel hem her het Hig hik hol hom hor hot Hub hum hyb hyd hyd hyp hyp ide ign ima imp imp imp inc ind ind ine inf inf inf ini ins ins ins int int int int Int int int int inv ion iri irr iso iso iso Jea Jos jun K-T Kep key kin Kol lad Lam lan lar las lat lea leg len lev lig lik lin lin lin Lis lob loc log loo low lum lun lun Lym Mac Mag mag mag mag mag Mag mak map Mar mas mat mat mea mea med mem mer MES met met MHD mic mid mil min mis mix mod mol mom Moo mos Mu mul mus nab nar nat neb neg nes neu New New nig nod non non non Nor noz nuc nul num OB obl obs Occ oct off Ohm on- ope Opp opt opt orb orb org Ori ort osm out ove ozo pal pap par par par pas pat pec pen per per per per per pH pha pho pho pho phy pie pla Pla Pla pla pla Plo poi pol pol pol pol por pos pot pow pre pre pre Pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro Pro pub pul pyr qua qua qua qua Qui rad rad rad rad rad rad ram ran rat Ré rea rec rec rec red ref ref reg reg rel rel rem rep res res res ret rev rho Rie rim riv rol Ros rot rul S a Sag sam sat sca Sch Sch sco sec sec sec seg sel sem sen set sha Sha sho SI sid sil sim sin sis sky slo sna Soc sol sol sol Sol Som sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste sto sto str str sub sub sub sum sup sup sup sup sur sus sym syn sys tan Tay Tem ten ter The the the the thi thr tic tid tim Tol tor tot tra tra tra tra Tri tri tro tru tur two Typ UHE ult unc uni uni uni upg ura uti val var vec vel ver ver vig vir vis VLT vol wad was wav wav wea wei Whe Wie win WN5 Wol WZ Yag yot zen zir > >>
bottom tah (#), pâyin (#) Fr.: bas, fond 1) The lowest or deepest part of anything, as distinguished from the
→ top. The under or lower side; underside.
→ bottom-up structure formation. M.E. botme; O.E. botm, bodan "ground, soil, lowest part" (cf. O.Fris. boden "soil," O.N. botn, O.H.G. bodam, Ger. Boden "ground, earth, soil"), akin to Pers. bon "basis; root; foundation; bottom;" Mid.Pers. bun "root; foundation; beginning;" Av. būna- "base, depth" (Skt. bundha-, budhná- "base, bottom," Pali bunda- "root of tree;" Gk. pythmen "foundation;" L. fundus "bottom, piece of land, farm," O.Ir. bond "sole of the foot"). Tah "bottom; end"
(Mid.Pers. tah "bottom." The origin of this term is not clear.
It may be related to PIE *tenegos "water bottom;" cf.
Gk. tenagos "bottom, swamp," Latvian tigas, from *tingas, from
*tenegos "depth"). |
bottom-up structure formation diseš-e sâxtâr az pâyin bé
bâlâ Fr.: formation des structures du bas vers le haut A → structure formation scenario in which small galaxies form first, and larger structures are then formed in due course. Contrary to → top-down structure formation. |
bound 1) bandidé; 2) karân Fr.: lié; lien 1) (adj.) Tied, confined by bonds. → bound cluster,
→ bound charge, → bound system. |
bound charge bâr-e bandidé Fr.: charge liée Any electric charge which is bound to an atom or molecule, in contrast to free charge, such as metallic conduction electrons, which is not. Also known as → polarization charge. |
bound cluster xuše-ye bandidé Fr.: amas lié A cluster of astronomical objects, such as stars or galaxies, held together by their mutual gravitational attraction. → bound system. |
bound occurrence roxdâd-e bandidé Fr.: occurrence liée Any → occurrence of a → variable x in an x-bound part of a → wff. → bound; → occurrence. |
bound orbit madâr-e bandidé Fr.: orbite liée The orbit described by an object around a central gravitational force in a system whose total energy is negative. An elliptical orbit. |
bound system râžmân-e bandidé Fr.: système lié A system composed of several material bodies the total energy of which (the sum of kinetic and potential energies) is negative, e.g. a → bound cluster. |
bound-bound transition gozareš-e bandidé-bandidé Fr.: transition liée-liée A transition between two energy levels of an electron bound to a nucleus. The electron remains tied to the nucleus before and after the transition. → bound-free transition; → free-free emission. Bound, p.p. of → bind; → transition. |
bound-free transition gozareš-e bandidé-âzâd Fr.: transition liée-libre A transition in which a bound electron is liberated. → free-bound emission; → free-free emission. |
boundary karân (#) Fr.: limite, bord 1) General:
Something that indicates a border or limit; the border or limit so indicated. From Fr., from O.Fr. bodne, from M.L. bodina, butina "boundary, boundary marker." Karân, karâné, kenâr from Mid.Pers. karânag, Av. karana- "boundary." |
boundary conditions butârhâ-ye karân, ~ karâni Fr.: conditions à la limite 1) Math: Restriction on the limits of applicability of an equation.
In a differential equation, conditions that allow to fix the constant
of integration and reach a unique solution. The number of boundary conditions
necessary to determine a solution matches the order of the equation. |
boundary effect oskar-e karân Fr.: effet de bords An effect that forbids or invalidate locally the use of an idealized model of a system in which one or several of its dimensions are supposed to be infinite. |
boundary layer lâye-ye karâni Fr.: couche limite A layer of fluid that is formed wherever a fluid flows past a solid surface and the effects of → viscosity are important. The boundary level forms because as the fluid moves past the object, the molecules which are in direct contact with the surface stick to the surface. The molecules just above the surface are slowed down in their collisions with the molecules sticking to the surface. These molecules in turn slow down the flow just above them, but less effectively. This creates a thin layer of fluid near the surface in which the velocity changes from zero at the surface to the free stream value away from the surface. The boundary layer may be either → laminar or → turbulent in character, depending on the value of the → Reynolds number. The concept of boundary level was first put forward by Ludwig Prandlt (1875-1953) in 1904. |
bounded karânmand (#), karândâr (#) Fr.: limité General: Having bounds or limits. Adj. from → bound. |
bounded function karyâ-ye karânmand, ~ karândâr Fr.: fonction bornée The function y = f(x) in a given range of the argument x if there exists a positive number M such that for all values of x in the range under consideration the inequality | f(x) | ≤ M will be fulfilled. → unbounded function. |
Boussinesq approximation nazdineš-e Boussinesq Fr.: approximation de Boussinesq A simplification in the equations of → hydrodynamics that treats the density as constant except in the → buoyancy term. This approximation is motivated by the fact that when pressure and temperature differences in a flow are small, then it follows from the thermodynamic → equation of state that a change in the density is also small. Named after Joseph Valentin Boussinesq (1842-1929), a French physicist who made significant contributions to the theory of hydrodynamics, vibration, light, and heat; → approximation. |
bow 1) kamân; 2) farâl Fr.: proue 1a) A bent, curved, or arched object. 1) M.E., from O.E. boga "archery bow, arch, rainbow" (cf.
O.Norse bogi, Du. boog, Ger. Bogen "bow");
PIE root *bheug- "to bend;" cf. Skt. bhujati "bends;"
O.H.G. boug, O.E. beag "a ring"). 1) Kamân "bow, arc," from Mid.Pers. kamân, related to xam "curve," cf. Breton kamm "curved, bent," Gk. kampe "a corner, a joint," L. campus "a field," Lith. kampus "corner," PIE *kamb- "to bend, crook." Farâl, from farâ "forward" (farâ raftan "to go forward, proceed," farâ rândan "to drive forward"), equivalent to → pro-, + relation suffix -âl, → -al. Compare farâl with prow "bow," Fr. la proue "prow, bow," from dialectal It. proa, prua, from L. prora "bow," from Gk. proira, related to pro "before, forward." |
bow shock farâl-toš farâl-šok Fr.: choc de proue A → shock wave created in front of an object moving through a medium with a velocity higher than that of the → sound waves in that medium. See, for example, → magnetosphere. |
bow wave farâl-mowj, mowj-e farâl Fr.: onde de proue The wave which appears in front of a speeding boat and goes out behind it in a distinctive "V". It is due to the fact that waves pile up on each other before they can move away. |
<< < -es -iv -ti 21- a p abe abs abs acc acc acc act act ada adi ads aes Age Alb Alf ali all alp alt ama amp ana ang ang ann ano ant ant ape apo app app arb are ari art ass ast ast ast Atl ato ato Aug aut Avo azi bac bal ban bar bas bea bel Bet bia Big bin bio bir bla bla blo blu Boh Bon bot Bow bre Bri bro but cal cal Can Cap car cas cat cau cel cen cen cha cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ Cla clo clu CNO coa coe coi col col Col com com com com com com com com com con con con con con con con con con con con coo Cor Cor cor cos cos cos Cou cou cra Cre cro Cru cub cur cyc cyl dar dat Daw de- Deb dec dec def def deg Del den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra dua dus dwa dyn e-f Ear ecl eco edu eig Ein ela ele ele ele Ele elo emi emp ene Enl env epi equ equ erg est Euc eva evo exa exc exe exo exp exp ext ext f m fac fal fas fee Fer fib fie fin Fir fix fle flu foc for for For fou Fra fre Fri ful fuz Gal Gal gal Gam gas Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro gul H-b hal Ham har Hay hea hel hel hem her het Hig hik hol hom hor hot Hub hum hyb hyd hyd hyp hyp ide ign ima imp imp imp inc ind ind ine inf inf inf ini ins ins ins int int int int Int int int int inv ion iri irr iso iso iso Jea Jos jun K-T Kep key kin Kol lad Lam lan lar las lat lea leg len lev lig lik lin lin lin Lis lob loc log loo low lum lun lun Lym Mac Mag mag mag mag mag Mag mak map Mar mas mat mat mea mea med mem mer MES met met MHD mic mid mil min mis mix mod mol mom Moo mos Mu mul mus nab nar nat neb neg nes neu New New nig nod non non non Nor noz nuc nul num OB obl obs Occ oct off Ohm on- ope Opp opt opt orb orb org Ori ort osm out ove ozo pal pap par par par pas pat pec pen per per per per per pH pha pho pho pho phy pie pla Pla Pla pla pla Plo poi pol pol pol pol por pos pot pow pre pre pre Pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro Pro pub pul pyr qua qua qua qua Qui rad rad rad rad rad rad ram ran rat Ré rea rec rec rec red ref ref reg reg rel rel rem rep res res res ret rev rho Rie rim riv rol Ros rot rul S a Sag sam sat sca Sch Sch sco sec sec sec seg sel sem sen set sha Sha sho SI sid sil sim sin sis sky slo sna Soc sol sol sol Sol Som sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste sto sto str str sub sub sub sum sup sup sup sup sur sus sym syn sys tan Tay Tem ten ter The the the the thi thr tic tid tim Tol tor tot tra tra tra tra Tri tri tro tru tur two Typ UHE ult unc uni uni uni upg ura uti val var vec vel ver ver vig vir vis VLT vol wad was wav wav wea wei Whe Wie win WN5 Wol WZ Yag yot zen zir > >>